The functions of the autonomic nervous system and the impact of the parasympathetic division. Introduction: The central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) are considered as the two important branches of the nervous system. The CNS consists of the spinal cord and brain, whereas the PNS contains autonomic (ANS) and somatic nervous system (SNS). The ANS is further divided into the sympathetic or adrenergic and parasympathetic or cholinergic. The main functional unit of ANS is visceral reflex and it involves the body homeostasis.

Question

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 20, Problem 1O

Summary Introduction

To review:

The functions of the autonomic nervous system and the impact of the parasympathetic division.

Introduction:

The central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) are considered as the two important branches of the nervous system. The CNS consists of the spinal cord and brain, whereas the PNS contains autonomic (ANS) and somatic nervous system (SNS). The ANS is further divided into the sympathetic or adrenergic and parasympathetic or cholinergic. The main functional unit of ANS is visceral reflex and it involves the body homeostasis.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Functions of the autonomic nervous system:

The autonomic nervous system consists of complex neurons that innervate and influence all the metabolic functions of the body. It includes blood pressure maintenance, breathing rate regulation, urination, gut motility (digestion), and sexual arousal modulation. It controls and influences the cardiovascular system by altering the heart rate contraction, blood vessel dilation, and constriction.

Impact of the parasympathetic nervous system:

The parasympathetic nervous system is a part of the autonomic nervous system which has the opposite function to the sympathetic nervous system. In PNS, the nerve impulse transmission to effector cells is carried out by acetylcholine neurotransmitters. The functions of PNS are mediated by binding of cholinergic receptors to the acetylcholine receptors. Nicotinic and muscarinic receptors are determined based on the location and action of the cholinergic receptors.

Nicotinic receptor is located at the ganglia of the ANS and SNS and it is stimulated by the nicotine. It is a receptor of ligand-controlled cation channels for potassium and sodium ions.

Muscarinic receptors is a cholinergic receptor coupled with G-protein and they control the ion channels. They are located in all effector cells innervated by postganglionic cholinergic fibers of smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and glands. This receptor is stimulated by muscarinic- an alkaloid muscarine from mushrooms.

Conclusion

Thus, autonomic nervous involves the body homeostasis and it impacts the parasympathetic nervous system by binding of cholinergic receptors to the acetylcholine neurotransmitters.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Students have asked these similar questions

DaVita Dietitian Reference Manual Module 7- Adequacy of Hemodialysis CASE STUDIES Case 1 David was diagnosed with chronic kidney disease a year ago, and now needs hemodialysis. At his first treatment, the nurse hooks up the bloodlines to an access in David's chest. He tells her that he had surgery on his arm three months ago so it can be used for dialysis eventually. 1. What type of access does David have for the initial treatment? 2. Is David's arm access most likely a graft or fistula? 3. What possible reasons prevent use of a fistula or graft for the first dialysis treatment? Case 2 Ramon, a hemodialysis patient for six years, has lost 1.5 kg over the past six weeks. He denies nausea or vomiting, but does admit to eating less at meals and skipping dinner some days. Current dialysis prescription is: 3 1/2 hours (210 minutes), 3 times a week, ASAHI 1050S, APS dialyzer, dialysis flow rate 800 ml/min, blood flow rate 400 ml/min. Monthly bloodwork is as follows: Date K PO4 Pre-BUN…

DaVita Dietitian Reference Manual Module 7 - Adequacy of Hemodialysis REVIEW QUESTIONS True False 1. 27 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. Urea Reduction Ratio is a more accurate measurement of dialysis adequacy than Urea Kinetic Modeling. A fistula is the preferred type of vascular access. In the formula Kt/V, the V represents volume of total body water in which urea is distributed. In the formula Kt/V, time is measured in 15-minute increments, so 220 minutes would be rounded off to the nearest quarter hour. The DaVita minimum goal for adequacy is a spKt/V≥ 1.0. A measured height and accurate dry weight are required to obtain an accurate Kt/V result. A very low post BUN result usually means the patient is not eating enough protein. KRU is a measure of residual urea clearance by the patient's kidney, requiring a 24-hour urine collection. The Kt/V Delivered (single pool) is the value used for determining adequacy and comparing outcomes in DaVita facilities. Catheters are…

DaVita Dietitian Reference Manual Module 7 - Adequacy of Hemodialysis Case 3 Beverly's monthly adequacy of dialysis results came back lower than usual. Her Kt/V is 1.13. Flow sheet data reveals the following: Prescribed BFR 400, patient ran BFR 325 during treatment Blood pressure dropped to 72/58 during treatment, so UFR was turned off. Dry weight 65 kg, pre dialysis weight 69 kg, post dialysis weight 66.5 kg 1. What are DaVita's goals for Kt/V? 2. What is your impression of why the Kt/V is low? 3. What additional information would help in determining why Beverly's adequacy results were below goal?

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 20, Problem 1O

Summary Introduction

To review:

The functions of the autonomic nervous system and the impact of the parasympathetic division.

Introduction:

The central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) are considered as the two important branches of the nervous system. The CNS consists of the spinal cord and brain, whereas the PNS contains autonomic (ANS) and somatic nervous system (SNS). The ANS is further divided into the sympathetic or adrenergic and parasympathetic or cholinergic. The main functional unit of ANS is visceral reflex and it involves the body homeostasis.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Functions of the autonomic nervous system:

The autonomic nervous system consists of complex neurons that innervate and influence all the metabolic functions of the body. It includes blood pressure maintenance, breathing rate regulation, urination, gut motility (digestion), and sexual arousal modulation. It controls and influences the cardiovascular system by altering the heart rate contraction, blood vessel dilation, and constriction.

Impact of the parasympathetic nervous system:

The parasympathetic nervous system is a part of the autonomic nervous system which has the opposite function to the sympathetic nervous system. In PNS, the nerve impulse transmission to effector cells is carried out by acetylcholine neurotransmitters. The functions of PNS are mediated by binding of cholinergic receptors to the acetylcholine receptors. Nicotinic and muscarinic receptors are determined based on the location and action of the cholinergic receptors.

Nicotinic receptor is located at the ganglia of the ANS and SNS and it is stimulated by the nicotine. It is a receptor of ligand-controlled cation channels for potassium and sodium ions.

Muscarinic receptors is a cholinergic receptor coupled with G-protein and they control the ion channels. They are located in all effector cells innervated by postganglionic cholinergic fibers of smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and glands. This receptor is stimulated by muscarinic- an alkaloid muscarine from mushrooms.

Conclusion

Thus, autonomic nervous involves the body homeostasis and it impacts the parasympathetic nervous system by binding of cholinergic receptors to the acetylcholine neurotransmitters.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 3

Question

Chapter 20, Problem 1O

Summary Introduction

To review:

The functions of the autonomic nervous system and the impact of the parasympathetic division.

Introduction:

The central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) are considered as the two important branches of the nervous system. The CNS consists of the spinal cord and brain, whereas the PNS contains autonomic (ANS) and somatic nervous system (SNS). The ANS is further divided into the sympathetic or adrenergic and parasympathetic or cholinergic. The main functional unit of ANS is visceral reflex and it involves the body homeostasis.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Functions of the autonomic nervous system:

The autonomic nervous system consists of complex neurons that innervate and influence all the metabolic functions of the body. It includes blood pressure maintenance, breathing rate regulation, urination, gut motility (digestion), and sexual arousal modulation. It controls and influences the cardiovascular system by altering the heart rate contraction, blood vessel dilation, and constriction.

Impact of the parasympathetic nervous system:

The parasympathetic nervous system is a part of the autonomic nervous system which has the opposite function to the sympathetic nervous system. In PNS, the nerve impulse transmission to effector cells is carried out by acetylcholine neurotransmitters. The functions of PNS are mediated by binding of cholinergic receptors to the acetylcholine receptors. Nicotinic and muscarinic receptors are determined based on the location and action of the cholinergic receptors.

Nicotinic receptor is located at the ganglia of the ANS and SNS and it is stimulated by the nicotine. It is a receptor of ligand-controlled cation channels for potassium and sodium ions.

Muscarinic receptors is a cholinergic receptor coupled with G-protein and they control the ion channels. They are located in all effector cells innervated by postganglionic cholinergic fibers of smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and glands. This receptor is stimulated by muscarinic- an alkaloid muscarine from mushrooms.

Conclusion

Thus, autonomic nervous involves the body homeostasis and it impacts the parasympathetic nervous system by binding of cholinergic receptors to the acetylcholine neurotransmitters.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 4

Question

Chapter 20, Problem 1O

Summary Introduction

To review:

The functions of the autonomic nervous system and the impact of the parasympathetic division.

Introduction:

The central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) are considered as the two important branches of the nervous system. The CNS consists of the spinal cord and brain, whereas the PNS contains autonomic (ANS) and somatic nervous system (SNS). The ANS is further divided into the sympathetic or adrenergic and parasympathetic or cholinergic. The main functional unit of ANS is visceral reflex and it involves the body homeostasis.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Functions of the autonomic nervous system:

The autonomic nervous system consists of complex neurons that innervate and influence all the metabolic functions of the body. It includes blood pressure maintenance, breathing rate regulation, urination, gut motility (digestion), and sexual arousal modulation. It controls and influences the cardiovascular system by altering the heart rate contraction, blood vessel dilation, and constriction.

Impact of the parasympathetic nervous system:

The parasympathetic nervous system is a part of the autonomic nervous system which has the opposite function to the sympathetic nervous system. In PNS, the nerve impulse transmission to effector cells is carried out by acetylcholine neurotransmitters. The functions of PNS are mediated by binding of cholinergic receptors to the acetylcholine receptors. Nicotinic and muscarinic receptors are determined based on the location and action of the cholinergic receptors.

Nicotinic receptor is located at the ganglia of the ANS and SNS and it is stimulated by the nicotine. It is a receptor of ligand-controlled cation channels for potassium and sodium ions.

Muscarinic receptors is a cholinergic receptor coupled with G-protein and they control the ion channels. They are located in all effector cells innervated by postganglionic cholinergic fibers of smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and glands. This receptor is stimulated by muscarinic- an alkaloid muscarine from mushrooms.

Conclusion

Thus, autonomic nervous involves the body homeostasis and it impacts the parasympathetic nervous system by binding of cholinergic receptors to the acetylcholine neurotransmitters.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 5

Chapter 20, Problem 1O

Summary Introduction

To review:

The functions of the autonomic nervous system and the impact of the parasympathetic division.

Introduction:

The central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) are considered as the two important branches of the nervous system. The CNS consists of the spinal cord and brain, whereas the PNS contains autonomic (ANS) and somatic nervous system (SNS). The ANS is further divided into the sympathetic or adrenergic and parasympathetic or cholinergic. The main functional unit of ANS is visceral reflex and it involves the body homeostasis.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Functions of the autonomic nervous system:

The autonomic nervous system consists of complex neurons that innervate and influence all the metabolic functions of the body. It includes blood pressure maintenance, breathing rate regulation, urination, gut motility (digestion), and sexual arousal modulation. It controls and influences the cardiovascular system by altering the heart rate contraction, blood vessel dilation, and constriction.

Impact of the parasympathetic nervous system:

The parasympathetic nervous system is a part of the autonomic nervous system which has the opposite function to the sympathetic nervous system. In PNS, the nerve impulse transmission to effector cells is carried out by acetylcholine neurotransmitters. The functions of PNS are mediated by binding of cholinergic receptors to the acetylcholine receptors. Nicotinic and muscarinic receptors are determined based on the location and action of the cholinergic receptors.

Nicotinic receptor is located at the ganglia of the ANS and SNS and it is stimulated by the nicotine. It is a receptor of ligand-controlled cation channels for potassium and sodium ions.

Muscarinic receptors is a cholinergic receptor coupled with G-protein and they control the ion channels. They are located in all effector cells innervated by postganglionic cholinergic fibers of smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and glands. This receptor is stimulated by muscarinic- an alkaloid muscarine from mushrooms.

Conclusion

Thus, autonomic nervous involves the body homeostasis and it impacts the parasympathetic nervous system by binding of cholinergic receptors to the acetylcholine neurotransmitters.

Answer 6

Chapter 20, Problem 1O

Summary Introduction

To review:

The functions of the autonomic nervous system and the impact of the parasympathetic division.

Introduction:

The central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) are considered as the two important branches of the nervous system. The CNS consists of the spinal cord and brain, whereas the PNS contains autonomic (ANS) and somatic nervous system (SNS). The ANS is further divided into the sympathetic or adrenergic and parasympathetic or cholinergic. The main functional unit of ANS is visceral reflex and it involves the body homeostasis.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Functions of the autonomic nervous system:

The autonomic nervous system consists of complex neurons that innervate and influence all the metabolic functions of the body. It includes blood pressure maintenance, breathing rate regulation, urination, gut motility (digestion), and sexual arousal modulation. It controls and influences the cardiovascular system by altering the heart rate contraction, blood vessel dilation, and constriction.

Impact of the parasympathetic nervous system:

The parasympathetic nervous system is a part of the autonomic nervous system which has the opposite function to the sympathetic nervous system. In PNS, the nerve impulse transmission to effector cells is carried out by acetylcholine neurotransmitters. The functions of PNS are mediated by binding of cholinergic receptors to the acetylcholine receptors. Nicotinic and muscarinic receptors are determined based on the location and action of the cholinergic receptors.

Nicotinic receptor is located at the ganglia of the ANS and SNS and it is stimulated by the nicotine. It is a receptor of ligand-controlled cation channels for potassium and sodium ions.

Muscarinic receptors is a cholinergic receptor coupled with G-protein and they control the ion channels. They are located in all effector cells innervated by postganglionic cholinergic fibers of smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and glands. This receptor is stimulated by muscarinic- an alkaloid muscarine from mushrooms.

Conclusion

Thus, autonomic nervous involves the body homeostasis and it impacts the parasympathetic nervous system by binding of cholinergic receptors to the acetylcholine neurotransmitters.

Answer 7

Chapter 20, Problem 1O

Summary Introduction

To review:

The functions of the autonomic nervous system and the impact of the parasympathetic division.

Introduction:

The central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) are considered as the two important branches of the nervous system. The CNS consists of the spinal cord and brain, whereas the PNS contains autonomic (ANS) and somatic nervous system (SNS). The ANS is further divided into the sympathetic or adrenergic and parasympathetic or cholinergic. The main functional unit of ANS is visceral reflex and it involves the body homeostasis.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Functions of the autonomic nervous system:

The autonomic nervous system consists of complex neurons that innervate and influence all the metabolic functions of the body. It includes blood pressure maintenance, breathing rate regulation, urination, gut motility (digestion), and sexual arousal modulation. It controls and influences the cardiovascular system by altering the heart rate contraction, blood vessel dilation, and constriction.

Impact of the parasympathetic nervous system:

The parasympathetic nervous system is a part of the autonomic nervous system which has the opposite function to the sympathetic nervous system. In PNS, the nerve impulse transmission to effector cells is carried out by acetylcholine neurotransmitters. The functions of PNS are mediated by binding of cholinergic receptors to the acetylcholine receptors. Nicotinic and muscarinic receptors are determined based on the location and action of the cholinergic receptors.

Nicotinic receptor is located at the ganglia of the ANS and SNS and it is stimulated by the nicotine. It is a receptor of ligand-controlled cation channels for potassium and sodium ions.

Muscarinic receptors is a cholinergic receptor coupled with G-protein and they control the ion channels. They are located in all effector cells innervated by postganglionic cholinergic fibers of smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and glands. This receptor is stimulated by muscarinic- an alkaloid muscarine from mushrooms.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Conclusion

Thus, autonomic nervous involves the body homeostasis and it impacts the parasympathetic nervous system by binding of cholinergic receptors to the acetylcholine neurotransmitters.

Answer 12

Ch. 20 - Prob. 1O Ch. 20 - Prob. 2O Ch. 20 - Prob. 3O Ch. 20 - Prob. 4O Ch. 20 - Prob. 1CS Ch. 20 - Prob. 1NERQ Ch. 20 - Prob. 2NERQ Ch. 20 - Prob. 3NERQ Ch. 20 - Prob. 4NERQ Ch. 20 - Prob. 5NERQ

Explanation of Solution

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Chapter 20 Solutions