Biology of Plants
Biology of Plants
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781429219617
Author: Evert, Ray F./
Publisher: Macmillan Higher Education
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Chapter 20, Problem 1CP
Summary Introduction

To determine: The major lineages of angiosperm and their relationships to one another.

Introduction: The angiosperms include the vascular seeded plants that bear flowers. They evolved about 360 million years ago along with the gymnosperms.

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Explanation of Solution

The major lineages of angiosperms are as follows:

  • Basal grade angiosperms
  • Magnoliids
  • Monocots
  • Eudicots

Basal grade angiosperms is the first lineage of the angiosperm and include three different lineages, namely Amborella trichopoda of family amborellaceae, order Austrobaileyales, and order nymphaeales. These lineages are sister groups of all other angiosperms. The magnoliids, monocots, and the Eudicots belong to the group mesangiosperms. Mangnoliids and the monocots have pollen grains with a single furrow or pore. The Eudicots is the biggest lineage that consists of most of the known angiosperm family. The common characteristics to all these lineages that relate them with another are as follows:

  • Reproduction by pollination
  • Pollen grains with one or more apertures
  • Flower like structures with showy petals

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