Chapter 2, Problem 82CP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Reason for hydrogens atoms on amides can form stronger hydrogen bonds than hydrogen atoms on amines have to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

The unshared electrons of an atom that does not involve in bonding are called lone pair.

Curved arrows are necessary in drawing the resonance structure.

Curved arrows has a head indicating that the electrons are coming and tail indicating that the electrons are going.

The two rules in drawing the resonance structure is,

• Breaking of single bond is not allowed.
• Never exceed an octet for second row elements.

When a single Lewis structure does not represent a structure adequately, the true structure is the intermediate between the two or more structure referred to as resonance structure.

Hydrogen bonding is a type of dipole-dipole interaction of molecules when the hydrogen is bonded to strong electronegative atom (F, O, N, etc) in the molecules.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Intermolecular hydrogen bonds have to be drawn by stacking up three molecules directly on the top of the other.

Concept Introduction:

Hydrogen bonding is a type of dipole-dipole interaction of molecules when the hydrogen is bonded to strong electronegative atom (F, O, N…) in the molecules.

Intermolecular hydrogen bonding is the hydrogen bond formed between two molecules.