Concept explainers
a)
To compute: The labor productivity and multifactor productivity for each unit.
Introduction: Labor productivity is the measure of productivity of a worker during a period of time. It the ratio of total output to the total productivity hours.
a)
Answer to Problem 7P
Explanation of Solution
Given information:
| Unit | Employees | Customer processed/day |
| A | 4 | 36 |
| B | 5 | 40 |
| C | 8 | 60 |
| D | 3 | 20 |
Hourly wage=$25Overhead=1.0×Labor costMaterial cost=$5 per customer
Formula:
Multifactor Productivity=OutputTotal costLabor Productivity=Customersper dayEmployeesTotal cost=Labor cost+Overhead cost+Material cost
Laborcost=Number of workers ×8 hours×$25/hourOverhead cost=Labor cost×1.00Material cost=Customers×$5/customer
Calculation of multifactor productivity:
| Unit | Employees | Customer processed/day | Labor cost | Overhead cost | Material cost | Total cost | Labor productivity | MFP (2decimal) | MFP (3decimal) |
| A | 4 | 36 | 800 | 800 | 180 | 1780 | 9 | 0.02 | 0.020 |
| B | 5 | 40 | 1000 | 1000 | 200 | 2200 | 8 | 0.02 | 0.018 |
| C | 8 | 60 | 1600 | 1600 | 300 | 3500 | 7.5 | 0.02 | 0.017 |
| D | 3 | 20 | 600 | 600 | 100 | 1300 | 6.6666667 | 0.02 | 0.015 |
Table 1
Excel Worksheet:
Calculation of multifactor productivity:
Unit A:
Labor cost is calculated by multiplying number of workers (4) with 8working hours and 25 hourly wages which gives 800.
Overhead cost is calculated by multiplying Labor cost of 800 with 1.0 which gives 800.
Material cost is calculated by multiplying 36 with 5 which gives 180.
Total cost is calculated by adding labor cost of 800, overhead cost of 800 and material cost of 180 which yields 1780.
Labor productivity is calculated by dividing 36 with 4 which yields 9.
Multifactor productivity is calculated by dividing 36 with the total cost of 1,780 which yields 0.02 (2-decimal) and 0.020 (3 decimal).
Same procedure is followed for unit B, C and D the result is shown in table 1.
Hence, multifactor productivity has dropped from 0.020 to 0.015.
b)
To compute: The labor productivity and multifactor productivity for each unit.
Introduction: Multifactor productivity is also referred as total factor productivity. It is the measure of economic performance by comparing the amount of goods and services produced to the total input used to produce the output.
b)
Answer to Problem 7P
Explanation of Solution
Given information:
Every employee process on additional customers.
| Unit | Employees | Customer processed/day |
| A | 4 | 40 |
| B | 5 | 45 |
| C | 8 | 68 |
| D | 3 | 23 |
Hourly wage=$25Overhead=1.0×Labor costMaterial cost=$5 per customer
Formula:
Multifactor Productivity=OutputTotal costLabor Productivity=Customersper dayEmployeesTotal cost=Labor cost+Overhead cost+Material cost
Laborcost=Number of workers ×8 hours×$25/hourOverhead cost=Labor cost×1.00Material cost=Customers×$5/customer
Calculation of multifactor productivity:
| Unit | Employees | Customer processed/day | Labor cost | Overhead cost | Material cost | Total cost | Labor productivity | MFP (2decimal) | MFP (3decimal) |
| A | 4 | 40 | 800 | 800 | 200 | 1800 | 10 | 0.02 | 0.022 |
| B | 5 | 45 | 1000 | 1000 | 225 | 2225 | 9 | 0.02 | 0.020 |
| C | 8 | 68 | 1600 | 1600 | 340 | 3540 | 8.5 | 0.02 | 0.019 |
| D | 3 | 23 | 600 | 600 | 115 | 1315 | 7.6666667 | 0.02 | 0.017 |
Table 2
Excel Worksheet:
Calculation of multifactor productivity:
Unit A:
Labor cost is calculated by multiplying number of workers (4) with 8 working hours and 25 hourly wages which gives 800.
Overhead cost is calculated by multiplying Labor cost of 800 with 1.0 which gives 800.
Material cost is calculated by multiplying 40 with 5 which gives 200.
Total cost is calculated by adding labor cost of 800, overhead cost of 800 and material cost of 200 which yields 1800.
Labor productivity is calculated by dividing 40 with 4 which yields 10.
Multifactor productivity is calculated by dividing 40 with the total cost of 1,800 which yields 0.02 (2-decimal) and 0.022 (3 decimal).
Same procedure is followed for unit B, C and D the result is shown in table 2.
Hence, multifactor productivity has dropped from 0.022to 0.017.
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Chapter 2 Solutions
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