Problem 1RQ: Use Daltons atomic theory to account for each of the following. a. the law of conservation of mass... Problem 2RQ: What evidence led to the conclusion that cathode rays had a negative charge? Problem 3RQ: What discoveries were made by J. J. Thomson, Henri Becquerel, and Lord Rutherford? How did Daltons... Problem 4RQ: Consider Ernest Rutherfords -particle bombardment experiment illustrated in Fig. 2.12. How did the... Problem 5RQ: Do the proton and the neutron have exactly the same mass? How do the masses of the proton and... Problem 6RQ: What is the distinction between atomic number and mass number? Between mass number and atomic mass? Problem 7RQ: Distinguish between the terms family and period in connection with the periodic table. For which of... Problem 8RQ: The compounds AlCl3, CrCl3, and ICl3 have similar formulas, yet each follows a different set of... Problem 9RQ Problem 10RQ: How would you name HBrO4, KIO3, NaBrO2, and HIO? Refer to Table 2.5 and the acid nomenclature... Problem 1ALQ: Which of the following is true about an individual atom? Explain. a. An individual atom should be... Problem 2ALQ: How would you go about finding the number of chalk molecules it takes to write your name on the... Problem 3ALQ: These questions concern the work of J. J. Thomson. a. From Thomsons work, which particles do you... Problem 4ALQ Problem 5ALQ: You have a chemical in a sealed glass container filled with air. The setup is sitting on a balance... Problem 6ALQ: The formula of water is If-O. Which of the following is indicated by this formula? Explain your... Problem 7ALQ: You may have noticed that when water boils, you can see bubbles that rise to die surface of the... Problem 8ALQ: One of the best indications of a useful theory is that it raises more questions for further... Problem 9ALQ Problem 10ALQ Problem 11ALQ: Label each of the following as an atomic element, a molecular element, or a compound. Problem 12ALQ Problem 13ALQ Problem 14ALQ Problem 15ALQ: Which of tire following explain how an ion is formed'? Explain your answer. a. adding or subtracting... Problem 16Q: What refinements had to be made in Daltons atomic theory to account for Gay-Lussacs results on the... Problem 17Q: When hydrogen is burned in oxygen to form water, the composition of water formed does not depend on... Problem 18Q: The two most reactive families of elements are the halogens and the alkali metals. How do they... Problem 19Q: Explain the law of conservation of mass, the law of definite proportion, and the law of multiple... Problem 20Q: Section 2.3 describes the postulates of Daltons atomic theory. With some modifications, these... Problem 21Q: The contributions of J. J. Thomson and Ernest Rutherford led the way to todays understanding of the... Problem 22Q Problem 23Q: The number of protons in an atom determines the identity of the atom. What does the number and... Problem 24Q: If the volume of a proton were similar to the volume of an electron, how will the densities of these... Problem 25Q Problem 26Q: List some characteristic properties that distinguish die metallic elements from the nonmetallic... Problem 27Q: Consider the elements of Group 4A (the carbon family): C, Si, Ge, Sn, and Pb. What is the trend in... Problem 28Q: Distinguish between the following terms. a. molecule versus ion b. covalent bonding versus ionic... Problem 29Q: Label the type of bonding for each of the following. Problem 30Q: The vitamin niacin (nicotinic acid. C6H5NO2) can be isolated from a variety of natural sources such... Problem 31Q Problem 32Q Problem 33E: When mixtures of gaseous H2 and gaseous Cl2 react, a product forms that has the same properties... Problem 34E: Observations of the reaction between nitrogen gas and hydrogen gas show us that 1 volume of nitrogen... Problem 35E: A sample of chloroform is found to contain 12.0 g of carbon, 106.4 g of chlorine, and 1.01 g of... Problem 36E: A sample of H2SO4 contains 2.02 g of hydrogen, 32.07 g of sulfur, and 64.00 g of oxygen. How many... Problem 37E: Hydrazine, ammonia, and hydrogen azide all contain only nitrogen and hydrogen. The mass of hydrogen... Problem 38E: Consider 100.0-g samples of two different compounds consisting only of carbon and oxygen. One... Problem 39E: The three most stable oxides of carbon ire carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), and carbon... Problem 40E: Two elements. R and Q, combine to form two binary compounds. In the first compound, 14.0 g of R... Problem 41E: In Section 1.1 of the text, the concept of a chemical reaction was introduced with the example of... Problem 42E: In a combustion reaction, 46.0 g of ethanol reacts with 96.0 g of oxygen to produce water and carbon... Problem 43E: Early tables of atomic weights (masses) were generated by measuring the mass of a substance that... Problem 44E: Indium oxide contains 4.784 g of indium for every 1.000 g of oxygen. In 1869, when Mendeleev first... Problem 45E Problem 46E: If you wanted to make an accurate scale model of the hydrogen atom and decided that the nucleus... Problem 47E: In an experiment it was found that the total charge on an oil drop was 5.93 1018 C. How many... Problem 48E: A chemist in a galaxy tar, far away performed the Millikan oil drop experiment and got the following... Problem 49E: What are the symbols of the following metals: sodium, radium, iron, gold, manganese, lead? Problem 50E: What are the symbols of the following nonmetals: fluorine, chlorine, bromine, sulfur, oxygen,... Problem 52E: Give the names of the nonmetals that correspond to the following symbols: As, I, Xe, He, C, Si. Problem 53E: a. Classify the following elements as metals or nonmetals: Mg Si Rn Ti Ge Rn Au B Am Bi At Br b. The... Problem 54E: a. List the noble gas elements. Which of the noble gases has only radioactive isotopes? (This... Problem 55E: For each of the following sets of elements, label each as either noble gases, halogens, alkali... Problem 56E Problem 57E Problem 58E: Write the atomic symbol (ZAX) for each of the isotopes described below. a. number of protons = 27,... Problem 59E: Write the symbol of each atom using the ZAX format. a. b. c. Problem 60E: For carbon-14 and carbon-12, how many protons and neutrons are in each nucleus? Assuming neutral... Problem 61E: How many protons and neutrons are in the nucleus of each of the following atoms? In a neutral atom... Problem 62E Problem 63E: For each of the following ions, indicate the number of protons and electrons the ion contains. a.... Problem 64E: How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in each of the following atoms or ions? a. 1224Mg b.... Problem 65E Problem 66E: What is the symbol of an ion with 16 protons, 18 neutrons, and 18 electrons? What is the symbol for... Problem 67E: Complete the following table: Symbol Number of Protons in Nucleus Number of Neutrons in Nucleus... Problem 68E: Complete the following table: Symbol Number of Protons in Nucleus Number of Neutrons in Nucleus... Problem 69E: Would you expect each of the following atoms to gain or lose electrons when forming ions? What ion... Problem 70E Problem 71E: Name the compounds in parts ad and write the formulas for the compounds in parts eh. a. NaBr b. Rb2O... Problem 72E: Name the compounds in parts a-d and write the formulas for the compounds in parts eh. a. Hg2O b.... Problem 73E Problem 74E Problem 75E Problem 76E Problem 77E Problem 78E Problem 79E Problem 80E Problem 81E Problem 82E Problem 83E Problem 84E: Write the formula for each of the following compounds a. chromium(VI) oxide b. disulfur dichloride... Problem 85E Problem 86E: Write the formula for each of the following compounds: a. ammonium hydrogen phosphate b. mercury (I)... Problem 87E Problem 88E: Each of the following compounds is incorrectly named is wrong with each name, and what is the... Problem 89AE: Chlorine has two natural isotopes: 1737Cl and 1735Cl. Hydrogen reacts with chlorine to form the... Problem 90AE: What are the symbols for the following nonmetal elements that are most often present in compounds... Problem 91AE: Four Fe2+ ions are key components of hemoglobin, the protein that transports oxygen in the blood.... Problem 92AE: Which of the following statements is(are) true? For the false statements, correct them. a. All... Problem 93AE: The isotope of an unknown element, X, has a mass number of 79. The most stable ion of the isotope... Problem 94AE Problem 95AE Problem 96AE: Identify each of the following elements: a. a member of the same family as oxygen whose most stable... Problem 97AE Problem 98AE Problem 99AE Problem 100AE Problem 101AE Problem 102AE Problem 103CWP: Complete the following table. Atom/Ion Protons Neutrons Electrons S50120n M1225g2+ F2656e2+ S3479e... Problem 104CWP: Which of the following is{are) correct? a. 40Ca2 contains 20 protons and 18 electrons. b. Rutherford... Problem 105CWP Problem 106CWP Problem 107CWP Problem 108CWP Problem 110CP: Reaction of 2.0 L of hydrogen gas with 1.0 L of oxygen gas yields 2.0 L of water vapor. All gases... Problem 111CP: A combustion reaction involves the reaction of a substance with oxygen gas. The complete combustion... Problem 112CP: A chemistry instructor makes the following claim: Consider that if the nucleus were the size of a... Problem 113CP: The early alchemists used to do an experiment in which water was boiled for several days in a sealed... Problem 114CP: Consider the chemical reaction as depicted below. Label as much as you can using the terms atom,... Problem 115CP: Each of the following statements is true, but Dalton might have had trouble explaining some of them... Problem 116CP: You have two distinct gaseous compounds made from element X and element Y. The mass percents are as... Problem 117CP: A single molecule has a mass of 7.31 1023 g. Provide an example of a real molecule that can have... Problem 118CP: You take three compounds, each consisting of two elements (X, Y. and/or Z), and decompose them to... Problem 119IP Problem 120IP Problem 121IP: Using the information in Table 2.1, answer the following questions. In an ion with an unknown... format_list_bulleted