NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780357394052
Author: DEBRUYNE
Publisher: CENGAGE L
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Match the organ or gland with the enzyme(s) it secretes. Enzymes may be used more than once. An organ or gland may secrete more than one enzyme.(1) salivary glands (serous cells) (2) stomach (chief cells) A. peptidase B. amylase C. nuclease (3) pancreas (acinar cells) (4) small intestine D. lipase E. pepsinogen F. trypsin, chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidase G. sucrase, maltase, lactase
Which of the following best describe the function of goblet cells in the digestive tract?
A.
produce mucus that protects parts of the digestive organs from the effects of powerful enzymes needed for food digestion
B.
secrete buffers in order to keep the pH of the digestive tract close to neutral
C.
provide protection against invading bacteria and other disease-causing organisms that enter the digestive tract in food
D.
absorb nutrients from digested food and store them for future use
Which of the following is true regarding digestion?
A.
The first segment of the alimentary tract is the duodenum.
B.
Amylase hydrolyzes starches into simple sugars.
C.
Bile hydrolyzes amylase into simple sugars.
D.
Trypsin and chymotrypsin degrade lipids into free fatty acids.
E.
All of the above answer choices correctly answer the question.
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- A. What is/are the primary role(s) of the large intestine? a. to complete enzymatic digestion and store indigestible material b. to initiate enzymatic digestion of carbohydrates and to store water c. to absorb water from digested material, with essentially no digestive role of its own d. to secrete water into the material that is left over after all available nutrients have been absorbed e. to digest fats A. In the intestine most nutrients are absorbed regardless of whether the body has an immediate need or shortfall of them; ie there is little control over amounts taken up – which of the following does not follow this rule? a. absorption of sodium b. absorption of water c.absorption of iron d. absorption of fat soluble vitamins e. none of the above follow this rule – close control is exerted over all of themarrow_forwardAll of the following statements regarding the liver are true except one, which one? a. it can convert amino acids to glucose during periods of fasting b. it contains special phagocytic cells which remove worn-out blood cells from the circulation c. blood from the hepatic artery and portal vein travels away from the central vein of each lobule d. it converts ammonia to ureaarrow_forwardAll of the following are functions of the liver except the a. release of insulin. b. formation of plasma proteins (e.g., albumin). c. formation of LDL particles. d. elimination of bilirubin.arrow_forward
- There are two different kinds of secretions associated with the digestive system that needs to be understood to avoid confusion when describing how the digestive system functions. Which one of these secretions will be involved in the control of digestion through the blood? A.Endocrine B.Exocrinearrow_forwardWhich of the following statements regarding protein digestion is incorrect? A. The intestinal enzymes trypsin and chymotrypsin continue the chemical breakdown of polypeptides into oligopeptides. B. Chemical digestion of proteins is initiated in the stomach through the action of the enzyme pepsin. C. Mechanical digestion of proteins starts in the mouth through chewing. D. Di- and tripeptides enter the intestinal cells where they are broken down by peptidases into individual amino acids.arrow_forwardWhich of the following nutrients do not start being digested in the mouth by components of the saliva a starch b. proteins c. lipids d. carbs e. (a, c)arrow_forward
- Which of the following pairs of digestive enzymes or signaling molecules work to help you digest fats? a. Enterokinase and secretin b. Pancreatic lipase and intrinsic factor c. Salivary lipase and CCK d. Trypsinogen and CCK e. Pepsin and CCKarrow_forwardBrunner's glands secrete an alkaline product that helps achieve optimal pH for the activity of pancreatic enzymes. Where are these glands located? A. At the base of villi throughout the small intestine B. In the epithelium of the ampulla of Vater C. In the mucosa and submucosa of the jejunum D. In the submucosa of the duodenum E. In the submucosa of the ileumarrow_forwardWhich of the following answer choices is true of bile salts? Select one: a. They increase efficiency of pepsin action b. They are synthesized in the pancreas c. They are a normal part of secretions in the monogastric stomach d. They emulsify fat in the duodenum e. They function as digestive enzymesarrow_forward
- Which of the following statements is not true? a. Essential nutrients can be synthesized by the body. b. Vitamins are required in small quantities for bodily function. c. Some amino acids can be synthesized by the body, while others need to be obtained from diet. d. Vitamins come in two categories: fat-soluble and water-soluble.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is an unregulated process in the digestive tract? a. secretion of cholecystokinin (CCK) by the duodenal mucosa b. absorption of amino acids across the epithelium of the small intestine c. release of bicarbonate ion (HCO3–) by pancreatic duct cells d. peristalsis in the stomacharrow_forwardIX. Sequerice of Events: Fat Digestion Arrange the events by inserting numbers in the spaces provided. The first step has been provided to get you started. A. A fat globule enters the duodenum. B. Pancreatic lipase begins to digest fat. C. Triglycerides travel through the lymphatic system and enter the bloodstream at the ieft subclavian vein. D. Glycerol and short-chain fatty acids are absorbed into the bloodstream of villi, and long-chain fatty acids are absorbed into the walls of the villi. E. Two substances in bile (lecithin and bile salts) emulsify fat. F. Fats are broken down into a mixture of glycerol, short-chairn fatty acids, long-chain fatty acids, and monoglycerides. G. The gallbladder secretes bile. H. Triglycerides enter the lacteal of the villi.arrow_forward
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