EBK UNDERSTANDING BASIC STATISTICS
7th Edition
ISBN: 8220100547560
Author: BRASE
Publisher: CENGAGE L
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Chapter 2, Problem 4CR
Expand Your Knowledge How are dotplots and stem-and-leaf displays similar? How are they different?
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3. Bayesian Inference – Updating Beliefs
A medical test for a rare disease has the following characteristics:
Sensitivity (true positive rate): 99%
Specificity (true negative rate): 98%
The disease occurs in 0.5% of the population.
A patient receives a positive test result.
Questions:
a) Define the relevant events and use Bayes’ Theorem to compute the probability that the patient actually has the disease.b) Explain why the result might seem counterintuitive, despite the high sensitivity and specificity.c) Discuss how prior probabilities influence posterior beliefs in Bayesian inference.d) Suppose a second, independent test with the same accuracy is conducted and is also positive. Update the probability that the patient has the disease.
4. Linear Regression - Model Assumptions and Interpretation
A real estate analyst is studying how house prices (Y) are related to house size in square feet (X). A simple
linear regression model is proposed:
The analyst fits the model and obtains:
•
Ŷ50,000+150X
YBoB₁X + €
•
R² = 0.76
• Residuals show a fan-shaped pattern when plotted against fitted values.
Questions:
a) Interpret the slope coefficient in context.
b) Explain what the R² value tells us about the model's performance.
c) Based on the residual pattern, what regression assumption is likely violated? What might be the
consequence?
d) Suggest at least two remedies to improve the model, based on the residual analysis.
5. Probability Distributions – Continuous Random Variables
A factory machine produces metal rods whose lengths (in cm) follow a continuous uniform distribution on the interval [98, 102].
Questions:
a) Define the probability density function (PDF) of the rod length.b) Calculate the probability that a randomly selected rod is shorter than 99 cm.c) Determine the expected value and variance of rod lengths.d) If a sample of 25 rods is selected, what is the probability that their average length is between 99.5 cm and 100.5 cm? Justify your answer using the appropriate distribution.
Chapter 2 Solutions
EBK UNDERSTANDING BASIC STATISTICS
Ch. 2.1 - Statistical Literacy What is the difference...Ch. 2.1 - Statistical Literacy A data set has values ranging...Ch. 2.1 - Statistical Literacy A data set has values ranging...Ch. 2.1 - Statistical Literacy A data set has value ranging...Ch. 2.1 - Basic Computation: Class Limits A data set with...Ch. 2.1 - Basic Computation: Class limits A data set with...Ch. 2.1 - Interpretation You are manager of a specialty...Ch. 2.1 - Critical Thinking A web site rated 100 colleges...Ch. 2.1 - Critical Thinking Look at the histogram in Figure...Ch. 2.1 - Critical Thinking The following data represent...
Ch. 2.1 - Interpretation Histograms of random sample data...Ch. 2.1 - Interpretation The following histograms are based...Ch. 2.1 - Interpretation The ogives shown are based on U.S...Ch. 2.1 - Critical Thinking The following ogives come from...Ch. 2.1 - For Problems 15-20. use the specified number of...Ch. 2.1 - For Problems 15-20, use the specified number of...Ch. 2.1 - For Problems 15-20, use the specified number of...Ch. 2.1 - For Problems 15-20, use the specified number of...Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 19PCh. 2.1 - Prob. 20PCh. 2.1 - Expand Your knowledge: Decimal Data The fallowing...Ch. 2.1 - Decimal Data: Batting Averages The following data...Ch. 2.1 - Expand Your Knowledge: Dotplot another display...Ch. 2.1 - 24. Dotplot: Sled Dog Racing Make a dotplot for...Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 25PCh. 2.2 - 1. Interpretation Consider graph (a) of Reasons...Ch. 2.2 - Interpretation Look at graph (b) of Reasons People...Ch. 2.2 - Critical Thinking A personnel office is gathering...Ch. 2.2 - Critical Thinking Your friend is thinking about...Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 5PCh. 2.2 - Interpretation Consider the two graphs depicting...Ch. 2.2 - Commercial Fishing: Gulf of Alaska It's not an...Ch. 2.2 - Archaeology: Ireland Commercial dredging...Ch. 2.2 - Lifestyle: Hide the Mess! A survey of 1000 adults...Ch. 2.2 - Education: College Professors' Time How do college...Ch. 2.2 - FBI Report: Hawaii In the Aloha state, you are...Ch. 2.2 - Driving: Bad Habits Driving would be more pleasant...Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 13PCh. 2.2 - Vital Statistics: Height How dies average height...Ch. 2.2 - Expand Your Knowledge Donut Pie Charts The book...Ch. 2.2 - Technology: Cars The following cluster bar graph...Ch. 2.3 - Cowboys: Longevity How long did real cowboys live?...Ch. 2.3 - Ecology: Habitat Wetlands offer a diversity of...Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 3PCh. 2.3 - Health Care: Hospitals Using the number of...Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 5PCh. 2.3 - Prob. 6PCh. 2.3 - Are cigarettes bad for people? Cigarette smoking...Ch. 2.3 - Are cigarettes bad for people? Cigarette smoking...Ch. 2.3 - Are cigarettes bad for people? Cigarette smoking...Ch. 2.3 - Expand Your Knowledge: Back-to-Back Stem Plot In...Ch. 2 - Critical Thinking Consider these types of graphs:...Ch. 2 - Critical Thinking A consumer interest group is...Ch. 2 - Critical Thinking Describe how data outliers might...Ch. 2 - Expand Your Knowledge How are dotplots and...Ch. 2 - Focus Problem: Fuel Economy Solve the focus...Ch. 2 - Criminal Justice: Prisoners The time plot in...Ch. 2 - IRS: Tax Returns Almost everyone files (or will...Ch. 2 - Prob. 8CRCh. 2 - Prob. 9CRCh. 2 - Law: Corporation Lawsuits Many people say the...Ch. 2 - Archaeology: Tree-King DataThe Sand Canyon...Ch. 2 - Interpretation A Harm Poll surveyed 2085 U.S....Ch. 2 - Examine Figure 2-20, Everyone Agrees: Slobs Make...Ch. 2 - Examine Figure 2-21, Global Teen Worries. How many...Ch. 2 - In your own words, explain the differences among...Ch. 2 - What do we mean when we say a histogram is skewed...Ch. 2 - Discuss the statement that stem-and-leaf displays...Ch. 2 - The following tables show the first-round winning...Ch. 2 - The following tables show the first-round winning...Ch. 2 - The Following tables show the first-round winning...
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