The given solvent capable of dissolving ionic compounds is to be identified. Concept Introduction: ▸ A general rule of solubility is: like dissolves like. ▸ Polar and ionic solids are dissolved in polar solvents. ▸ Nonpolar solids are dissolved in nonpolar solvents. ▸ If a molecule has dipole moment, it is termed as polar molecule. The symmetrical molecules are non-polar because the dipole moment cancel each other. ▸ The species resistant to water or the species that are incompatible with water are termed as hydrophobic. ▸ The water loving species or the species compatible with water are termed as hydrophilic species. ▸ If the compound contains one hydrophilic group and more than six carbon atoms, then the compound is insoluble in water. ▸ Alkyl chains with high molecular weight are hydrophobic in nature. ▸ The hydroxyl group is hydrophilic in nature because it forms hydrogen bonding with water molecules. ▸ The carbonyl oxygen and hydroxyl group of carboxylic acid are hydrophilic in nature. ▸ A hydrogen bond is a partially electrostatic force of attraction between a hydrogen atom which is bound to more electronegative atom such as nitrogen, oxygen or fluorine and another atom bearing a lone pair of electron. ▸ The liquid SO 2 is polar due to presence of a net dipole moment and polar bonds. ▸ The liquid NH 3 is polar due to the presence of a net dipole moment and polar bonds. ▸ In benzene, the bonds are polar due to the presence of electronegativity difference between carbon and hydrogen but the dipole moment cancel out due to the symmetrical structure of benzene. The net dipole moment is zero which makes the molecule non-polar.

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 2, Problem 42P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given solvent capable of dissolving ionic compounds is to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

▸ A general rule of solubility is: like dissolves like.

▸ Polar and ionic solids are dissolved in polar solvents.

▸ Nonpolar solids are dissolved in nonpolar solvents.

▸ If a molecule has dipole moment, it is termed as polar molecule. The symmetrical molecules are non-polar because the dipole moment cancel each other.

▸ The species resistant to water or the species that are incompatible with water are termed as hydrophobic.

▸ The water loving species or the species compatible with water are termed as hydrophilic species.

▸ If the compound contains one hydrophilic group and more than six carbon atoms, then the compound is insoluble in water.

▸ Alkyl chains with high molecular weight are hydrophobic in nature.

▸ The hydroxyl group is hydrophilic in nature because it forms hydrogen bonding with water molecules.

▸ The carbonyl oxygen and hydroxyl group of carboxylic acid are hydrophilic in nature.

▸ A hydrogen bond is a partially electrostatic force of attraction between a hydrogen atom which is bound to more electronegative atom such as nitrogen, oxygen or fluorine and another atom bearing a lone pair of electron.

▸ The liquid SO2 is polar due to presence of a net dipole moment and polar bonds.

▸ The liquid NH3 is polar due to the presence of a net dipole moment and polar bonds.

▸ In benzene, the bonds are polar due to the presence of electronegativity difference between carbon and hydrogen but the dipole moment cancel out due to the symmetrical structure of benzene. The net dipole moment is zero which makes the molecule non-polar.

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3. Titanium(III) chloride can be used to catalyze the polymerization of ethylene. It is prepared by hydrogen reduction of Titanium(IV) chloride. Reaction of hydrogen gas with titanium(IV) chloride gas produces solid titanium(III) chloride and hydrogen chloride gas. (a) Write a BALANCED chemical reaction for the preparation of titanium(III) chloride (b) A 250 L reaction vessel at 325°C is filled with hydrogen gas to a pressure of 1.3 atm. Titanium(IV) chloride is then added to bring the total pressure to 3.00 atm. How many grams of titanium(III) chloride will be produced after completion of the reaction? (c) What will be the pressure of the resulting hydrogen chloride gas that is also produced?

Answer 2

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Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 2, Problem 42P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given solvent capable of dissolving ionic compounds is to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

▸ A general rule of solubility is: like dissolves like.

▸ Polar and ionic solids are dissolved in polar solvents.

▸ Nonpolar solids are dissolved in nonpolar solvents.

▸ If a molecule has dipole moment, it is termed as polar molecule. The symmetrical molecules are non-polar because the dipole moment cancel each other.

▸ The species resistant to water or the species that are incompatible with water are termed as hydrophobic.

▸ The water loving species or the species compatible with water are termed as hydrophilic species.

▸ If the compound contains one hydrophilic group and more than six carbon atoms, then the compound is insoluble in water.

▸ Alkyl chains with high molecular weight are hydrophobic in nature.

▸ The hydroxyl group is hydrophilic in nature because it forms hydrogen bonding with water molecules.

▸ The carbonyl oxygen and hydroxyl group of carboxylic acid are hydrophilic in nature.

▸ A hydrogen bond is a partially electrostatic force of attraction between a hydrogen atom which is bound to more electronegative atom such as nitrogen, oxygen or fluorine and another atom bearing a lone pair of electron.

▸ The liquid SO2 is polar due to presence of a net dipole moment and polar bonds.

▸ The liquid NH3 is polar due to the presence of a net dipole moment and polar bonds.

▸ In benzene, the bonds are polar due to the presence of electronegativity difference between carbon and hydrogen but the dipole moment cancel out due to the symmetrical structure of benzene. The net dipole moment is zero which makes the molecule non-polar.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 2, Problem 42P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given solvent capable of dissolving ionic compounds is to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

▸ A general rule of solubility is: like dissolves like.

▸ Polar and ionic solids are dissolved in polar solvents.

▸ Nonpolar solids are dissolved in nonpolar solvents.

▸ If a molecule has dipole moment, it is termed as polar molecule. The symmetrical molecules are non-polar because the dipole moment cancel each other.

▸ The species resistant to water or the species that are incompatible with water are termed as hydrophobic.

▸ The water loving species or the species compatible with water are termed as hydrophilic species.

▸ If the compound contains one hydrophilic group and more than six carbon atoms, then the compound is insoluble in water.

▸ Alkyl chains with high molecular weight are hydrophobic in nature.

▸ The hydroxyl group is hydrophilic in nature because it forms hydrogen bonding with water molecules.

▸ The carbonyl oxygen and hydroxyl group of carboxylic acid are hydrophilic in nature.

▸ A hydrogen bond is a partially electrostatic force of attraction between a hydrogen atom which is bound to more electronegative atom such as nitrogen, oxygen or fluorine and another atom bearing a lone pair of electron.

▸ The liquid SO2 is polar due to presence of a net dipole moment and polar bonds.

▸ The liquid NH3 is polar due to the presence of a net dipole moment and polar bonds.

▸ In benzene, the bonds are polar due to the presence of electronegativity difference between carbon and hydrogen but the dipole moment cancel out due to the symmetrical structure of benzene. The net dipole moment is zero which makes the molecule non-polar.

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Check out a sample textbook solution

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 2, Problem 42P

Interpretation Introduction