The solubility behavior of Cetylethyldimethylammonium bromide in water and diethyl ether is to be predicted. Concept Introduction: ▸ A general rule of solubility is: like dissolves like. ▸ Polar and ionic solids are dissolved in polar solvents. ▸ Nonpolar solids are dissolved in nonpolar solvents. ▸ Cetylethyldimethylammonium bromide is a salt and contains some ionic characteristics. ▸ The water is a polar solvent and according to the solubility rule, the ionic solids are soluble in water. The organic cation and the bromide ion are solvated by the water molecule. ▸ Diethyl ether is an organic compound. ▸ The hydrophobic part that is alkyl group is lipophilic and nonpolar. Due to the attractive dispersion forces between alkyl group and ether molecule. The compound Cetylethyldimethylammonium bromide is soluble in ether. ▸ The species resistant to water or the species that are incompatible with water are termed as hydrophobic. ▸ The water loving species or the species compatible with water are termed as hydrophilic species. ▸ If the compound contains one hydrophilic group and more than six carbon atoms, then the compound is insoluble in water. ▸ Alkyl chains with high molecular weight are hydrophobic in nature. ▸ The hydroxyl group is hydrophilic in nature because it forms hydrogen bonding with water molecules. ▸ The carbonyl oxygen and hydroxyl group of carboxylic acid are hydrophilic in nature. ▸ A hydrogen bond is a partially electrostatic force of attraction between a hydrogen atom which is bound to more electronegative atom such as nitrogen, oxygen or fluorine and another atom bearing a lone pair of electron.

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 2, Problem 41P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The solubility behavior of Cetylethyldimethylammonium bromide in water and diethyl ether is to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

▸ A general rule of solubility is: like dissolves like.

▸ Polar and ionic solids are dissolved in polar solvents.

▸ Nonpolar solids are dissolved in nonpolar solvents.

▸ Cetylethyldimethylammonium bromide is a salt and contains some ionic characteristics.

▸ The water is a polar solvent and according to the solubility rule, the ionic solids are soluble in water. The organic cation and the bromide ion are solvated by the water molecule.

▸ Diethyl ether is an organic compound.

▸ The hydrophobic part that is alkyl group is lipophilic and nonpolar. Due to the attractive dispersion forces between alkyl group and ether molecule. The compound Cetylethyldimethylammonium bromide is soluble in ether.

▸ The species resistant to water or the species that are incompatible with water are termed as hydrophobic.

▸ The water loving species or the species compatible with water are termed as hydrophilic species.

▸ If the compound contains one hydrophilic group and more than six carbon atoms, then the compound is insoluble in water.

▸ Alkyl chains with high molecular weight are hydrophobic in nature.

▸ The hydroxyl group is hydrophilic in nature because it forms hydrogen bonding with water molecules.

▸ The carbonyl oxygen and hydroxyl group of carboxylic acid are hydrophilic in nature.

▸ A hydrogen bond is a partially electrostatic force of attraction between a hydrogen atom which is bound to more electronegative atom such as nitrogen, oxygen or fluorine and another atom bearing a lone pair of electron.

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5. Use the MS data to answer the questions on the next page. 14.0 1.4 15.0 8.1 100- MS-IW-5644 26.0 2.8 27.0 6.7 28.0 1.8 29.0 80 4.4 38.0 1.0 39.0 1.5 41.0 1.2 42.0 11.2 43.0 100.0 44.0 4.3 79.0 1.9 80.0 2.6 Relative Intensity 40 81.0 1.9 82.0 2.5 93.0 8.7 20- 95.0 8.2 121.0 2.0 123.0 2.0 136.0 11.8 0 138.0 11.5 20 40 8. 60 a. Br - 0 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 m/z Identify the m/z of the base peak and molecular ion. 2 b. Draw structures for each of the following fragments (include electrons and charges): 43.0, 93.0, 95.0, 136.0, and 138.0 m/z. C. Draw a reasonable a-fragmentation mechanism for the fragmentation of the molecular ion to fragment 43.0 m/z. Be sure to include all electrons and formal charges. 6. Using the values provided in Appendix E of your lab manual, calculate the monoisotopic mass for the pyridinium ion (CsH6N) and show your work.

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Stereochemistry: Three possible answers- diastereomers, enantiomers OH CH₂OH I -c=0 21108 1101 41745 HOR CH₂OH IL Но CH₂OH TIL a. Compounds I and III have this relationship with each other: enantiomers b. Compounds II and IV have this relationship with each other: c. Compounds I and II have this relationship with each other: d. *Draw one structure that is a stereoisomer of II, but neither a diastereomer nor an enantiomer. (more than one correct answer)

Answer 2

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Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 2, Problem 41P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The solubility behavior of Cetylethyldimethylammonium bromide in water and diethyl ether is to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

▸ A general rule of solubility is: like dissolves like.

▸ Polar and ionic solids are dissolved in polar solvents.

▸ Nonpolar solids are dissolved in nonpolar solvents.

▸ Cetylethyldimethylammonium bromide is a salt and contains some ionic characteristics.

▸ The water is a polar solvent and according to the solubility rule, the ionic solids are soluble in water. The organic cation and the bromide ion are solvated by the water molecule.

▸ Diethyl ether is an organic compound.

▸ The hydrophobic part that is alkyl group is lipophilic and nonpolar. Due to the attractive dispersion forces between alkyl group and ether molecule. The compound Cetylethyldimethylammonium bromide is soluble in ether.

▸ The species resistant to water or the species that are incompatible with water are termed as hydrophobic.

▸ The water loving species or the species compatible with water are termed as hydrophilic species.

▸ If the compound contains one hydrophilic group and more than six carbon atoms, then the compound is insoluble in water.

▸ Alkyl chains with high molecular weight are hydrophobic in nature.

▸ The hydroxyl group is hydrophilic in nature because it forms hydrogen bonding with water molecules.

▸ The carbonyl oxygen and hydroxyl group of carboxylic acid are hydrophilic in nature.

▸ A hydrogen bond is a partially electrostatic force of attraction between a hydrogen atom which is bound to more electronegative atom such as nitrogen, oxygen or fluorine and another atom bearing a lone pair of electron.

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Answer 3

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Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 2, Problem 41P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The solubility behavior of Cetylethyldimethylammonium bromide in water and diethyl ether is to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

▸ A general rule of solubility is: like dissolves like.

▸ Polar and ionic solids are dissolved in polar solvents.

▸ Nonpolar solids are dissolved in nonpolar solvents.

▸ Cetylethyldimethylammonium bromide is a salt and contains some ionic characteristics.

▸ The water is a polar solvent and according to the solubility rule, the ionic solids are soluble in water. The organic cation and the bromide ion are solvated by the water molecule.

▸ Diethyl ether is an organic compound.

▸ The hydrophobic part that is alkyl group is lipophilic and nonpolar. Due to the attractive dispersion forces between alkyl group and ether molecule. The compound Cetylethyldimethylammonium bromide is soluble in ether.

▸ The species resistant to water or the species that are incompatible with water are termed as hydrophobic.

▸ The water loving species or the species compatible with water are termed as hydrophilic species.

▸ If the compound contains one hydrophilic group and more than six carbon atoms, then the compound is insoluble in water.

▸ Alkyl chains with high molecular weight are hydrophobic in nature.

▸ The hydroxyl group is hydrophilic in nature because it forms hydrogen bonding with water molecules.

▸ The carbonyl oxygen and hydroxyl group of carboxylic acid are hydrophilic in nature.

▸ A hydrogen bond is a partially electrostatic force of attraction between a hydrogen atom which is bound to more electronegative atom such as nitrogen, oxygen or fluorine and another atom bearing a lone pair of electron.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 2, Problem 41P

Interpretation Introduction