Principles of Microeconomics
7th Edition
ISBN: 9781305156050
Author: N. Gregory Mankiw
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 2, Problem 3PA
To determine
Production possibility frontier .
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Drawing a production possibilities frontier (PPF)
Instructions:
Consider an economy than only produces two goods - Blueberries and Batteries.
Step 1: Draw a production possibilities frontier (PPF) for this economy. Label blueberries on the vertical axis and batteries on the horizontal axis. Label one point that is "efficient", one point that is "inefficient", and one point that is "unattainable".
Step 2. Draw another PPF of the economy with the axes labeled. Grab another color pen/pencil/highlighter and show how the PPF would change if there was a technological change that increased the production of batteries only. (Hint: The intercept for blueberries will not change.) Clearly label the new PPF.
Step 3. Draw another PPF of the economy with the axes labeled. Grab another color pen/pencil/highlighter and show how the PPF would change if there was a drought that destroyed some of the blueberry harvest. (Hint: The intercept for batteries will not change.) Clearly label the new…
Please read the following applications and then apply Microeconomics Principles to explain each topic.
If you can please also, add charts and graphs to broaden the explanation as well as add articles and
references. Please list all references and citations if you use any.
Application 1: Scarcity/Incentives
Incentives to Buy Hybrid Vehicles
As stated in the text, "rational people respond to incentives." I find this to be a very true statement. When
the tradeoff or benefit from something else changes, people tend to change their behavior to get that
certain benefit. The Number of hybrid cars that has been increased from 10,000 cars in 2000 to more than
340,000 in 2007, can be explained by this application. Increase in gas prices along with federal subsidy
encouraged people to buy more hybrid cars by reducing cost of driving and cost of hybrid cars. As, Subsidy
was the main reason behind 1/5 the sale of 2007, which is estimated so far. Incentives refer to something
that induces a person…
Tim Geithner, a former U. S. Treasury Secretary, has said, "The recession that began in late 2007 was extraordinary severe. But the actions we took at its height to stimulate the economy helped arrest the free fall, preventing an even deeper collapse and putting the economy on the road to recovery." Which two of the three principles of economy-wide interaction are at work in this statement?
Chapter 2 Solutions
Principles of Microeconomics
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- The production possibilities frontier (PPF) is a simplified economic model that illustrates the different combinations of two products that an economy can produce given the resources it has available. Assume the country of Turkey can produce only apples or oranges and answer each of the following questions A if a flood destroyed 20% of the farmland used to grow apples and oranges, which direction will Turkey's PPF shift /your answer should be "outwards" or "inwards") and why? B. Turkey decides to begin increasing, the production of oranges. Explain the implications of this using the term "opportunity cost" C An advancement in organic pesticide has allowed for less fruit to be damaged by pests. Explain how this change would alter the PPF.arrow_forwardLocal government bans on plastic grocery bags due to environmental concerns have led to increased emergency room visits and deaths related to harmful bacteria such as E. coli, as many people do not wash their bags after each use. Which of the following best characterizes the statement? The statement demonstrates that even when government policies are enacted with good intentions, they do not always guarantee good outcomes due to unintended consequences and secondary effects. The statement demonstrates that normative economics is often confused with positive economics. The statement is an example of the fallacy of composition because all foods do not contain harmful bacteria. The statement shows that all environmental regulations have benefits that exceed the costs.arrow_forwardTwo men, Robinson Crusoe and Friday, have been marooned separately on the same deserted island. There are two activities each man can undertake to obtain food: fishing and gathering coconuts. Robinson Crusoe can catch 40 fish per hour or gather 10 coconuts per hour. Friday can catch 10 fish per hour or gather 8 coconuts per hour. Answer the following questions: A. Who is more efficient in each activity? Could either or both of them benefit from meeting and deciding to form a trading relationship? Explain intuitively. B. Robinson and Friday have not yet met. Robinson is working 2 hours a day and producing (and consuming) 48 fish and 8 coconuts (note: the fish are very small). Friday is also working 2 hours a day, but he is producing and consuming 15 fish and 4 coconuts. Now assume that Robinson and Friday meet and develop a trading relationship. Come up with a production and trading scheme such that they can each work the same amount per day as before, but each is better off…arrow_forward
- Tim Geithner, a former V. S. Treasury Secretary, has said, "The recession that began in late 2007 was extraordinary severe. But the actions we took at its height to stimulate the economy helped arrest the free fall. preventing an even deeper collapse and putting the economy on the road to recovery." Which two of the three principles of economy-wide interaction are at work in this statement?arrow_forwardIntroduction to the Production Possibilities Curve (PPC) As you know, the basic economic problem is scarcity. Since we do not have enough scarce resources to satisfy everyone's needs and wants, we all have to make choices. We must choose how to spend our time, our energy, our money, and our material possessions, and for every choice that is made, a cost is suffered. The relationship between choice and cost can be shown in a graph called a production possibilities curve, or PPC. For example, consider a student who has 4 hours of free time in the evening. He or she can choose to spend some, all, or none of those 4 hours studying for a test the following day. He or she could also use the time to catch up on sleep. These choices can be graphed: Choice A - spend all 4 hours studying Choice B- spend 2 hours studying, and 2 hours getting extra sleep Choice C- spend all 4 hours sleeping Of course, other combinations of the 4 hours exist. The student could study for 3.5 hours, and get an extra…arrow_forwardWhat is a production possibilities frontier? How can we show efficiency on a productions possibilities frontier? How can we show inefficiency? What causes a production possibilities frontier to shift outward?arrow_forward
- Consider an economy than only produces two goods - Blueberries and Batteries. Step 1: Draw a production possibilities frontier (PPF) for this economy. Label blueberries on the vertical axis and batteries on the horizontal axis. Label one point that is "efficient", one point that is "inefficient", and one point that is "unattainable". Step 2. Draw another PPF of the economy with the axes labeled. Grab another color pen/pencil/highlighter and show how the PPF would change if there was a technological change that increased the production of batteries only. (Hint: The intercept for blueberries will not change.) Clearly label the new PPF. Step 3. Draw another PPF of the economy with the axes labeled. Grab another color pen/pencil/highlighter and show how the PPF would change if there was a drought that destroyed some of the blueberry harvest. (Hint: The intercept for batteries will not change.) Clearly label the new PPF. Step 4: Draw another PPF of the economy with the axes labeled. Grab…arrow_forwardEconomics is all about trade offs. What is the opportunity cost for a typical student pursuing a college degree? Is it rational for some people to decide to NOT continue their formal education past high school? Explain using economic reasoning.arrow_forward“Scarcity is the fundamental problem that every nation in this world faces.” What do you mean by this statement? If you were an economist how would you address this fundamental problem?arrow_forward
- For each of the following, indicate how you might apply the four core principles of economics (the cost benefit principle, the opportunity cost principle, the marginal principle, or the interdependence principle). You are considering whether you should vote in the next election. You watch a beautiful sunset from the back porch of your home. Should you major in economics or philosophy? Should you and your spouse purchase a second vehicle?arrow_forwardWhich of the following is the best example of the economic concept of scarcity? a) The Talking Teddy is a surprise holiday hit, resulting in long lines of consumers trying to purchase the limited number of available Teddies. Ob) Fred only gets a 10-hour lunch break and each day must decide between working out at the gym or socializing with his colleagues. c) The local market's buy-one-get-one-free sale on strawberries results in more people wanting the berries than producers are able and willing to supply. d) Pokemon Go is the most popular cell-phone app that can be downloaded free from an app store.arrow_forwardScarcity and choice are important in economics because there would be no economy if there was no scarcity (limitation in resources) and no choice as to how these resources would be used. Scarcity and choice are the founding blocks of the story of economics. Scarcity in economics refers to limited resources against unlimited wants. Choice is the alternative between them. Economics deals with the study of human behavior and how humans allocate their limited resources (scarcity) with their unlimited wants. Since we have limited resources, we usually have to choose one option (choice) and forgo the other. This phenomenon is called "opportunity cost" . Our wants change when we consume more of one particular option, Its value diminishes and we start preferring some other option. This is called 'utility' or 'diminishing utility' as a progressive term. Example: If you are in school and you only have $10 for lunch money (scarcity), you can either buy a…arrow_forward
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