COSMIC PERSPECTIVE
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780135729458
Author: Bennett
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 2, Problem 39EAP
Earth-Centered or Sun-Centered? Decide whether each of the following phenomena is consistent or inconsistent with a belief in an Earth-centered system. If consistent, describe how. If inconsistent, explain why, and also explain why the inconsistency did not immediately lead people to abandon the Earth-centered model.
a. The daily paths of stars through the sky b. Seasons c. Phases of the Moon d. Eclipses e. Apparent retrograde motion of the planets
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Which statement describes the sun's position relative to planetary orbits?
A. The sun is at the center of each planet's circular orbit.
B. The sun is midway between the foci of each planet's elliptical orbit.
C. The sun is one focus of each planet's elliptical orbit.
D. The sun alternates between the two foci of planetary orbits.
Of the following methods, which one can you use to directly calculate the peak altitude of the Sun in the sky on that day?
a.
by using the observer's watch and the Sun's azimuth
b.
by using the observer's latitude and the Sun's right ascension
c.
by using the observer's longitude and the ecliptic plane
d.
by using the observer's latitude and the Sun's declination
e.
by using the observer's altitude and the ecliptic plane
H3.
A total lunar eclipse is observed on December 31. Predict the next lunar eclipse. A total lunar eclipse will occur when the full moon and the nominal orbit of the moon line up together (The solution of two equations). From the following data algebraic equation for the phase of the moon and nominal orbit of the moon can be formed. A new moon (0%) was observed on December 17 and the full moon (10%) was observed on December 31 along with the nominal orbit of the moon (0%). The brimming orbit of the moon (100%) was observed on November 29. When the two equations are equal a lunar eclipse will occur.
How many days from December 31 will next lunar eclipse occur? Given the coming year is a leap year - on what dates will the next 4 total lunar eclipses occur?
Show the algebraic solution, any information you use.
Chapter 2 Solutions
COSMIC PERSPECTIVE
Ch. 2 - Prob. 1VSCCh. 2 - Use the following questions to check your...Ch. 2 - Use the following questions to check your...Ch. 2 - Use the following questions to check your...Ch. 2 - Use the following questions to check your...Ch. 2 - Use the following questions to check your...Ch. 2 - Use the following questions to check your...Ch. 2 - Use the following questions to check your...Ch. 2 - Prob. 1EAPCh. 2 - Suppose you were making a model of the celestial...
Ch. 2 - On a clear, dark night, the sky may appear to be...Ch. 2 - Why does the local sky look like a dome? Define...Ch. 2 - Prob. 5EAPCh. 2 - What are circumpolar stars? Are more stars...Ch. 2 - What are latitude and longitude? Does the sky vary...Ch. 2 - What is the zodiac, and why do we see different...Ch. 2 - Suppose Earth’s axis had no tilt. Would we still...Ch. 2 - Briefly describe key facts about the solstices and...Ch. 2 - What is precession? How does it affect what we see...Ch. 2 - Briefly describe the Moon’s cycle of phases. Can...Ch. 2 - Why do we always see the same face of the Moon?Ch. 2 - Why don’t we see an eclipse at every new and full...Ch. 2 - What do we mean by the apparent retrograde motion...Ch. 2 - Prob. 16EAPCh. 2 - Prob. 17EAPCh. 2 - Prob. 18EAPCh. 2 - Prob. 19EAPCh. 2 - Prob. 20EAPCh. 2 - Does It Make Sense? Decide whether the statement...Ch. 2 - Does It Make Sense? Decide whether the statement...Ch. 2 - Prob. 23EAPCh. 2 - Does It Make Sense? Decide whether the statement...Ch. 2 - Does It Make Sense? Decide whether the statement...Ch. 2 - Does It Make Sense? Decide whether the statement...Ch. 2 - Quick Quiz Choose the best answer to each of the...Ch. 2 - Quick Quiz Choose the best answer to each of the...Ch. 2 - Quick Quiz Choose the best answer to each of the...Ch. 2 - Prob. 30EAPCh. 2 - Quick Quiz Choose the best answer to each of the...Ch. 2 - Quick Quiz Choose the best answer to each of the...Ch. 2 - Quick Quiz Choose the best answer to each of the...Ch. 2 - Quick Quiz Choose the best answer to each of the...Ch. 2 - Quick Quiz Choose the best answer to each of the...Ch. 2 - Quick Quiz Choose the best answer to each of the...Ch. 2 - Earth-Centered or Sun-Centered? Decide whether...Ch. 2 - Shadow Phases. Many people incorrectly guess that...Ch. 2 - Earth-Centered Language. Many common phrases...Ch. 2 - Group Activity: Lunar Phases and Time of Day. Make...Ch. 2 - New Planet. A planet in another solar system has a...Ch. 2 - Your View of the Sky. a. What are your latitude...Ch. 2 - View from the Moon. Assume you live on the Moon,...Ch. 2 - View from the Sun. Suppose you lived on the Sun...Ch. 2 - A Farther Moon. Suppose the distance to the Moon...Ch. 2 - A Smaller Earth. Suppose Earth were smaller. Would...Ch. 2 - Observing Planetary Motion. Find out which planets...Ch. 2 - 47. A Connecticut Yankee. Find the book A...Ch. 2 - Be sure to show all calculations clearly and state...Ch. 2 - Be sure to show all calculations clearly and state...Ch. 2 - Be sure to show all calculations clearly and state...Ch. 2 - Be sure to show all calculations clearly and state...Ch. 2 - Prob. 57EAPCh. 2 - Prob. 58EAPCh. 2 - Be sure to show all calculations clearly and state...
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- Solar eclipse will take place when: A. the sun is between the moon and the earth B. the earth is between the moon and the sun C. the moon is between the sun and the earth D. the moon does not lie on the line joining the sun and the eartharrow_forwardAn astronomical unit a.is the average distance from the Earth to the Sun. b.is about 150 million kilometres. c.is measured using radar signals bouncing off Venus. d.has units of distance. e.all of the mentioned choices. Galileo made many discoveries. Which one of these is not attributed to him? a.that the Moon has mountains, valleys and craters b.that the Sun has imperfections known as sunspots c.that four small points of light orbit the planet Jupiter d.the invention of the telescope e.that Venus shows a complete cycle of phases Which one of these statements describes why the planet Venus is much warmer than Earth? a.Venus has a denser and deeper atmosphere. b.It is closer to the Sun than Earth. c.It experienced a 'runaway greenhouse effect' long ago. d.It produces more carbon dioxide than is absorbed by the surface. e.all of the mentioned statementsarrow_forwardPHYSICS UPVOTE WILL BE GIVEN. NO LONG EXPLANATION NEEDED. What is being implied by the "escape velocity" of each celestial body? * A.Escape velocity is the velocity needed for a celestial body to orbit around the sun. B.Escape velocity is the velocity required by a body to escape the gravitational pull of the certain celestial body. C.Escape velocity is the velocity needed to rotate the celestial body on its own axis. D.Escape velocity is the velocity movement required to make life possible here on Earth.arrow_forward
- 1. How did Aristotle differentiate terrestrial and celestial motion? Give at least one example for each.2. According to Aristotle, what will happen to an moving object if there will be no force to act on it?arrow_forwardI hope you answer this:) 1. Ancient civilizations observed and kept track of daily movement of heavenly bodies. Which one is NOT the reason for this? a. navigation purposes b. time keeping c. annual cultural cycles d. agricultural cycles 2. What Kepler's Law of Planetary Motion is related to the Newton's Law of Motion based from the statement below: The statement: "Since the planets move on ellipses they are continually accelerating." a. Law of Ellipses and Law of Acceleration b. Law of Ellipses and Law of Inertia c. Law of Equal Areas and Law of Interaction d. Law of Period and Law of Inertia e. Law of Period and Law of Acceleration 3. Edwi Hubble proposed a way to organize galaxies in 1920. How are galaxies classified? a. color of stars b. shape of galaxy c. age of stars d. composition of stars e. diameter of galaxy 4. Find the magnifying power (M) and the length (L) of a simple telescope with 30-inches focal length of the objective and 2 inches focal length of the eyepiece.…arrow_forwardAssume you live on the Moon near the center of the face that looks toward Earth. a. If you saw a full Earth in your sky, what phase of the Moon would people on Earth see? Draw a diagram. b. If people on Earth saw a full moon, what phase would you see for Earth? Draw a diagram. c. If people on Earth saw a waxing gibbous moon, what phase would you see for Earth? Draw a diagram. d. If people on Earth were viewing a total lunar eclipse, what would you see from your home on the Moon? Draw a diagram. Why were the main reasons why the idea that the Earth was at the center of the universe lasted so long? Discuss in 2 paragraphs the observations made by Galileo that disproved Geocentrism. Which one do you think was the most important? Write down a hypothesis and observational experiment to test one of Newton’s laws of motion. EXPLAIN YOUR REASONING! One of the first exoplanets discovered orbits the star 51 Pegasi with a period of just 4.2 days. 51 Pegasi is very similar to the Sun. Use Kepler’s…arrow_forward
- 2. During a sunrise, the Sun appears to "rise up" from the horizon. Why does this happen? A. Earth is spinning on its axis. B. The Sun is circling around Earth C. The Sun is moving closer to Earth. D. Earth is revolving around the Sun. Explanation:arrow_forwardKepler's third law of planetary motion describes a relationship between the__ * a, shape of orbit and the location of the Sun. b. orbital velocity and position in orbit c. distance from the Sun and length of year. d. path of epicycle and position.arrow_forwardBACKGROUND An ingenious solution to the Earth's circumference occured in 230 BC. Eratosthenes, a Greek geographer, mathematician, music theorist, poet, astronomer, and philosopher, was reading in the Library of Alexandria when he noticed an account for a deep well near Syene (now Aswan), some distance to the south (800 km) in which at high noon on the longest day of the year the bottom of the well was fully illuminated by the Sun. Eratosthenes exclaimed "Ah-ah!" (or something like that), "I can solve for the circumference of the Earth!". In his mind's eye, Eratosthenes could see that at Syene, at the moment when the bottom of the well was fully lit, the Sun must have been at the Zenith (directly overhead). Yet he knew that at the same moment in Alexandria vertical objects (like a tower, pole) cast shadows. Here is the experiment perfomed by Eratosthenes (see the picture below). • He erected a vertical pole at Alexandria (A) and measured the angle of its shadow at the moment when the…arrow_forward
- 1. What is an astronomical unit (AU)? How many meters is one AU? 2. How many seconds are in one year? 3. Are the planets accelerating as they orbit the Sun? If so, what force is acting on them to cause the acceleration? Be specific.arrow_forwardUse the table to answer questions 13 through 15. A student collects the following data about the Sun, stars, moon, and Earth. Time of Day Sun Visible Moon Visible Stars Visible 5 am Sun Location Near horizon Above horizon Overhead Yes No Yes 10 am No Yes No No 1 pm 5 pm 9 pm Yes No Near horizon No Yes No Not visible No Yes Yes O What research question is the student investigating? A. How long does it take Earth to rotate on its axis? B. Does the moon rotate at a faster rate than Earth does? C. How do the locations of the stars relate to the moon? D. What is the relationship between time of day and seeing objects in the sky?arrow_forwardHow Do We Know? Why is it important that a hypothesis make testable predictions?arrow_forward
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