Chapter 2, Problem 34PP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: All the lone pairs for each of the following compounds should be drawn.

  

Concept Introduction The unshared pair of electrons are said to be lone pairs of electrons that are present in an atom of a compound.

Answer to Problem 34PP

  

Explanation of Solution

The number of valence electrons in each isolated atom present in given compound are:

For Carbon = 4

For Hydrogen = 1

For Nitrogen = 5

For Oxygen = 6

Identify the number of bonds in the given compound:

  

From the given structure of acetylsalicylic acid, each carbon atoms forms four bonds, hydrogen atoms forms one bond and oxygen atoms forms two bonds.

From the given structure of acetaminophen, each carbon atoms forms four bonds, hydrogen atoms forms one bond, oxygen atoms forms two bonds and nitrogen atom forms three bonds.

From the given structure of caffeine, each carbon atoms forms four bonds, hydrogen atoms forms one bond, oxygen atoms forms two bonds and nitrogen atom forms three bonds.

Since, all the valence electrons are involved in bond formation for carbon and hydrogen so there are no lone pair electrons on them. For all the oxygen atoms that forms two bonds uses two valence electrons out of six to form bond and rest four electrons are present as two lone-pair on each oxygen atom. For all the nitrogen atoms that forms three bonds uses three valence electrons out of five to form bond and rest two electrons are present as a lone-pair on each nitrogen atom. So, all the lone pairs for each compound are: