Considering the given set of elements, nonmetals should be identified. Concept Introduction: Periodic Table: The available chemical elements are arranged considering their atomic number , the electronic configuration and their properties. The elements placed on the left of the table are metals and non-metals are placed on right side of the table. In periodic table the horizontal rows are called periods and the vertical column are called group . The elements placed on the left of the table are metals which contain its last electron on s-orbital hence considered as s-block elements and the elements placed on the right side of the table contains its last electron in p-orbital which is regarded as p-block elements. The s and p block elements together are called as main group elements. Nonmetals: The right of diagonal elements stretches from boron to Tellurium, in group 14 to 18. Main group elements are included from group 1A to 8A. Lanthanides are 6 th period elements from lanthanide to hafnium. Transition elements are included in 1B to 8B group’s elements. Actinides are 7 th period elements from actinium to lawrencium. 8A group elements, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine and chlorine are the elements occur in gaseous state.

Question

Give reason(s) for six from the followings [using equations if possible] a. Addition of sodium carbonate to sulfanilic acid in the Methyl Orange preparation. b. What happened if the diazotization reaction gets warmed up by mistake. c. Addition of sodium nitrite in acidified solution in MO preparation through the diazotization d. Using sodium dithionite dihydrate in the second step for Luminol preparation. e. In nitroaniline preparation, addition of the acid mixture (nitric acid and sulfuric acid) to the product of step I. f. What is the main reason of the acylation step in nitroaniline preparation g. Heating under reflux. h. Fusion of an organic compound with sodium. HAND WRITTEN PLEASE

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 2, Problem 29PS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Considering the given set of elements, nonmetals should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Periodic Table: The available chemical elements are arranged considering their atomic number, the electronic configuration and their properties. The elements placed on the left of the table are metals and non-metals are placed on right side of the table.

In periodic table the horizontal rows are called periods and the vertical column are called group.

The elements placed on the left of the table are metals which contain its last electron on s-orbital hence considered as s-block elements and the elements placed on the right side of the table contains its last electron in p-orbital which is regarded as p-block elements.

The s and p block elements together are called as main group elements.

Nonmetals: The right of diagonal elements stretches from boron to Tellurium, in group 14 to 18.

Main group elements are included from group 1A to 8A.

Lanthanides are 6^th period elements from lanthanide to hafnium.

Transition elements are included in 1B to 8B group’s elements.

Actinides are 7^th period elements from actinium to lawrencium.

8A group elements, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine and chlorine are the elements occur in gaseous state.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Considering the given set of elements, main group elements should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Periodic Table: The available chemical elements are arranged considering their atomic number, the electronic configuration and their properties. The elements placed on the left of the table are metals and non-metals are placed on right side of the table.

In periodic table the horizontal rows are called periods and the vertical column are called group.

The elements placed on the left of the table are metals which contain its last electron on s-orbital hence considered as s-block elements and the elements placed on the right side of the table contains its last electron in p-orbital which is regarded as p-block elements.

The s and p block elements together are called as main group elements.

Nonmetals: The right of diagonal elements stretches from boron to Tellurium, in group 14 to 18.

Main group elements are included from group 1A to 8A.

Lanthanides are 6^th period elements from lanthanide to hafnium.

Transition elements are included in 1B to 8B group’s elements.

Actinides are 7^th period elements from actinium to lawrencium.

8A group elements, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine and chlorine are the elements occur in gaseous state.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Considering the given set of elements, lanthanides should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Periodic Table: The available chemical elements are arranged considering their atomic number, the electronic configuration and their properties. The elements placed on the left of the table are metals and non-metals are placed on right side of the table.

In periodic table the horizontal rows are called periods and the vertical column are called group.

The elements placed on the left of the table are metals which contain its last electron on s-orbital hence considered as s-block elements and the elements placed on the right side of the table contains its last electron in p-orbital which is regarded as p-block elements.

The s and p block elements together are called as main group elements.

Nonmetals: The right of diagonal elements stretches from boron to Tellurium, in group 14 to 18.

Main group elements are included from group 1A to 8A.

Lanthanides are 6^th period elements from lanthanide to hafnium.

Transition elements are included in 1B to 8B group’s elements.

Actinides are 7^th period elements from actinium to lawrencium.

8A group elements, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine and chlorine are the elements occur in gaseous state.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Considering the given set of elements, transition elements should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Periodic Table: The available chemical elements are arranged considering their atomic number, the electronic configuration and their properties. The elements placed on the left of the table are metals and non-metals are placed on right side of the table.

In periodic table the horizontal rows are called periods and the vertical column are called group.

The elements placed on the left of the table are metals which contain its last electron on s-orbital hence considered as s-block elements and the elements placed on the right side of the table contains its last electron in p-orbital which is regarded as p-block elements.

The s and p block elements together are called as main group elements.

Nonmetals: The right of diagonal elements stretches from boron to Tellurium, in group 14 to 18.

Main group elements are included from group 1A to 8A.

Lanthanides are 6^th period elements from lanthanide to hafnium.

Transition elements are included in 1B to 8B group’s elements.

Actinides are 7^th period elements from actinium to lawrencium.

8A group elements, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine and chlorine are the elements occur in gaseous state.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Considering the given set of elements, actinides should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Periodic Table: The available chemical elements are arranged considering their atomic number, the electronic configuration and their properties. The elements placed on the left of the table are metals and non-metals are placed on right side of the table.

In periodic table the horizontal rows are called periods and the vertical column are called group.

The elements placed on the left of the table are metals which contain its last electron on s-orbital hence considered as s-block elements and the elements placed on the right side of the table contains its last electron in p-orbital which is regarded as p-block elements.

The s and p block elements together are called as main group elements.

Nonmetals: The right of diagonal elements stretches from boron to Tellurium, in group 14 to 18.

Main group elements are included from group 1A to 8A.

Lanthanides are 6^th period elements from lanthanide to hafnium.

Transition elements are included in 1B to 8B group’s elements.

Actinides are 7^th period elements from actinium to lawrencium.

8A group elements, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine and chlorine are the elements occur in gaseous state.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Considering the given set of elements, gases should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Periodic Table: The available chemical elements are arranged considering their atomic number, the electronic configuration and their properties. The elements placed on the left of the table are metals and non-metals are placed on right side of the table.

In periodic table the horizontal rows are called periods and the vertical column are called group.

The elements placed on the left of the table are metals which contain its last electron on s-orbital hence considered as s-block elements and the elements placed on the right side of the table contains its last electron in p-orbital which is regarded as p-block elements.

The s and p block elements together are called as main group elements.

Nonmetals: The right of diagonal elements stretches from boron to Tellurium, in group 14 to 18.

Main group elements are included from group 1A to 8A.

Lanthanides are 6^th period elements from lanthanide to hafnium.

Transition elements are included in 1B to 8B group’s elements.

Actinides are 7^th period elements from actinium to lawrencium.

8A group elements, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine and chlorine are the elements occur in gaseous state.

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Give reason(s) for six from the followings [using equations if possible] a. Addition of sodium carbonate to sulfanilic acid in the Methyl Orange preparation. b. What happened if the diazotization reaction gets warmed up by mistake. c. Addition of sodium nitrite in acidified solution in MO preparation through the diazotization d. Using sodium dithionite dihydrate in the second step for Luminol preparation. e. In nitroaniline preparation, addition of the acid mixture (nitric acid and sulfuric acid) to the product of step I. f. What is the main reason of the acylation step in nitroaniline preparation g. Heating under reflux. h. Fusion of an organic compound with sodium. HAND WRITTEN PLEASE

edict the major products of the following organic reaction: u A + ? CN Some important notes: • Draw the major product, or products, of the reaction in the drawing area below. • If there aren't any products, because no reaction will take place, check the box below the drawing area instead. Be sure to use wedge and dash bonds when necessary, for example to distinguish between major products that are enantiomers. Explanation Check Click and drag to start drawing a structure. Х © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Te LMUNDARY

Sketch the intermediates for A,B,C & D.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 2, Problem 29PS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Considering the given set of elements, nonmetals should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Periodic Table: The available chemical elements are arranged considering their atomic number, the electronic configuration and their properties. The elements placed on the left of the table are metals and non-metals are placed on right side of the table.

In periodic table the horizontal rows are called periods and the vertical column are called group.

The elements placed on the left of the table are metals which contain its last electron on s-orbital hence considered as s-block elements and the elements placed on the right side of the table contains its last electron in p-orbital which is regarded as p-block elements.

The s and p block elements together are called as main group elements.

Nonmetals: The right of diagonal elements stretches from boron to Tellurium, in group 14 to 18.

Main group elements are included from group 1A to 8A.

Lanthanides are 6^th period elements from lanthanide to hafnium.

Transition elements are included in 1B to 8B group’s elements.

Actinides are 7^th period elements from actinium to lawrencium.

8A group elements, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine and chlorine are the elements occur in gaseous state.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Considering the given set of elements, main group elements should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Periodic Table: The available chemical elements are arranged considering their atomic number, the electronic configuration and their properties. The elements placed on the left of the table are metals and non-metals are placed on right side of the table.

In periodic table the horizontal rows are called periods and the vertical column are called group.

The elements placed on the left of the table are metals which contain its last electron on s-orbital hence considered as s-block elements and the elements placed on the right side of the table contains its last electron in p-orbital which is regarded as p-block elements.

The s and p block elements together are called as main group elements.

Nonmetals: The right of diagonal elements stretches from boron to Tellurium, in group 14 to 18.

Main group elements are included from group 1A to 8A.

Lanthanides are 6^th period elements from lanthanide to hafnium.

Transition elements are included in 1B to 8B group’s elements.

Actinides are 7^th period elements from actinium to lawrencium.

8A group elements, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine and chlorine are the elements occur in gaseous state.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Considering the given set of elements, lanthanides should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Periodic Table: The available chemical elements are arranged considering their atomic number, the electronic configuration and their properties. The elements placed on the left of the table are metals and non-metals are placed on right side of the table.

In periodic table the horizontal rows are called periods and the vertical column are called group.

The elements placed on the left of the table are metals which contain its last electron on s-orbital hence considered as s-block elements and the elements placed on the right side of the table contains its last electron in p-orbital which is regarded as p-block elements.

The s and p block elements together are called as main group elements.

Nonmetals: The right of diagonal elements stretches from boron to Tellurium, in group 14 to 18.

Main group elements are included from group 1A to 8A.

Lanthanides are 6^th period elements from lanthanide to hafnium.

Transition elements are included in 1B to 8B group’s elements.

Actinides are 7^th period elements from actinium to lawrencium.

8A group elements, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine and chlorine are the elements occur in gaseous state.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Considering the given set of elements, transition elements should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Periodic Table: The available chemical elements are arranged considering their atomic number, the electronic configuration and their properties. The elements placed on the left of the table are metals and non-metals are placed on right side of the table.

In periodic table the horizontal rows are called periods and the vertical column are called group.

The elements placed on the left of the table are metals which contain its last electron on s-orbital hence considered as s-block elements and the elements placed on the right side of the table contains its last electron in p-orbital which is regarded as p-block elements.

The s and p block elements together are called as main group elements.

Nonmetals: The right of diagonal elements stretches from boron to Tellurium, in group 14 to 18.

Main group elements are included from group 1A to 8A.

Lanthanides are 6^th period elements from lanthanide to hafnium.

Transition elements are included in 1B to 8B group’s elements.

Actinides are 7^th period elements from actinium to lawrencium.

8A group elements, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine and chlorine are the elements occur in gaseous state.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Considering the given set of elements, actinides should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Periodic Table: The available chemical elements are arranged considering their atomic number, the electronic configuration and their properties. The elements placed on the left of the table are metals and non-metals are placed on right side of the table.

In periodic table the horizontal rows are called periods and the vertical column are called group.

The elements placed on the left of the table are metals which contain its last electron on s-orbital hence considered as s-block elements and the elements placed on the right side of the table contains its last electron in p-orbital which is regarded as p-block elements.

The s and p block elements together are called as main group elements.

Nonmetals: The right of diagonal elements stretches from boron to Tellurium, in group 14 to 18.

Main group elements are included from group 1A to 8A.

Lanthanides are 6^th period elements from lanthanide to hafnium.

Transition elements are included in 1B to 8B group’s elements.

Actinides are 7^th period elements from actinium to lawrencium.

8A group elements, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine and chlorine are the elements occur in gaseous state.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Considering the given set of elements, gases should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Periodic Table: The available chemical elements are arranged considering their atomic number, the electronic configuration and their properties. The elements placed on the left of the table are metals and non-metals are placed on right side of the table.

In periodic table the horizontal rows are called periods and the vertical column are called group.

The elements placed on the left of the table are metals which contain its last electron on s-orbital hence considered as s-block elements and the elements placed on the right side of the table contains its last electron in p-orbital which is regarded as p-block elements.

The s and p block elements together are called as main group elements.

Nonmetals: The right of diagonal elements stretches from boron to Tellurium, in group 14 to 18.

Main group elements are included from group 1A to 8A.

Lanthanides are 6^th period elements from lanthanide to hafnium.

Transition elements are included in 1B to 8B group’s elements.

Actinides are 7^th period elements from actinium to lawrencium.

8A group elements, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine and chlorine are the elements occur in gaseous state.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 2, Problem 29PS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Considering the given set of elements, nonmetals should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Periodic Table: The available chemical elements are arranged considering their atomic number, the electronic configuration and their properties. The elements placed on the left of the table are metals and non-metals are placed on right side of the table.

In periodic table the horizontal rows are called periods and the vertical column are called group.

The elements placed on the left of the table are metals which contain its last electron on s-orbital hence considered as s-block elements and the elements placed on the right side of the table contains its last electron in p-orbital which is regarded as p-block elements.

The s and p block elements together are called as main group elements.

Nonmetals: The right of diagonal elements stretches from boron to Tellurium, in group 14 to 18.

Main group elements are included from group 1A to 8A.

Lanthanides are 6^th period elements from lanthanide to hafnium.

Transition elements are included in 1B to 8B group’s elements.

Actinides are 7^th period elements from actinium to lawrencium.

8A group elements, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine and chlorine are the elements occur in gaseous state.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Considering the given set of elements, main group elements should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Periodic Table: The available chemical elements are arranged considering their atomic number, the electronic configuration and their properties. The elements placed on the left of the table are metals and non-metals are placed on right side of the table.

In periodic table the horizontal rows are called periods and the vertical column are called group.

The elements placed on the left of the table are metals which contain its last electron on s-orbital hence considered as s-block elements and the elements placed on the right side of the table contains its last electron in p-orbital which is regarded as p-block elements.

The s and p block elements together are called as main group elements.

Nonmetals: The right of diagonal elements stretches from boron to Tellurium, in group 14 to 18.

Main group elements are included from group 1A to 8A.

Lanthanides are 6^th period elements from lanthanide to hafnium.

Transition elements are included in 1B to 8B group’s elements.

Actinides are 7^th period elements from actinium to lawrencium.

8A group elements, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine and chlorine are the elements occur in gaseous state.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Considering the given set of elements, lanthanides should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Periodic Table: The available chemical elements are arranged considering their atomic number, the electronic configuration and their properties. The elements placed on the left of the table are metals and non-metals are placed on right side of the table.

In periodic table the horizontal rows are called periods and the vertical column are called group.

The elements placed on the left of the table are metals which contain its last electron on s-orbital hence considered as s-block elements and the elements placed on the right side of the table contains its last electron in p-orbital which is regarded as p-block elements.

The s and p block elements together are called as main group elements.

Nonmetals: The right of diagonal elements stretches from boron to Tellurium, in group 14 to 18.

Main group elements are included from group 1A to 8A.

Lanthanides are 6^th period elements from lanthanide to hafnium.

Transition elements are included in 1B to 8B group’s elements.

Actinides are 7^th period elements from actinium to lawrencium.

8A group elements, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine and chlorine are the elements occur in gaseous state.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Considering the given set of elements, transition elements should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Periodic Table: The available chemical elements are arranged considering their atomic number, the electronic configuration and their properties. The elements placed on the left of the table are metals and non-metals are placed on right side of the table.

In periodic table the horizontal rows are called periods and the vertical column are called group.

The elements placed on the left of the table are metals which contain its last electron on s-orbital hence considered as s-block elements and the elements placed on the right side of the table contains its last electron in p-orbital which is regarded as p-block elements.

The s and p block elements together are called as main group elements.

Nonmetals: The right of diagonal elements stretches from boron to Tellurium, in group 14 to 18.

Main group elements are included from group 1A to 8A.

Lanthanides are 6^th period elements from lanthanide to hafnium.

Transition elements are included in 1B to 8B group’s elements.

Actinides are 7^th period elements from actinium to lawrencium.

8A group elements, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine and chlorine are the elements occur in gaseous state.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Considering the given set of elements, actinides should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Periodic Table: The available chemical elements are arranged considering their atomic number, the electronic configuration and their properties. The elements placed on the left of the table are metals and non-metals are placed on right side of the table.

In periodic table the horizontal rows are called periods and the vertical column are called group.

The elements placed on the left of the table are metals which contain its last electron on s-orbital hence considered as s-block elements and the elements placed on the right side of the table contains its last electron in p-orbital which is regarded as p-block elements.

The s and p block elements together are called as main group elements.

Nonmetals: The right of diagonal elements stretches from boron to Tellurium, in group 14 to 18.

Main group elements are included from group 1A to 8A.

Lanthanides are 6^th period elements from lanthanide to hafnium.

Transition elements are included in 1B to 8B group’s elements.

Actinides are 7^th period elements from actinium to lawrencium.

8A group elements, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine and chlorine are the elements occur in gaseous state.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Considering the given set of elements, gases should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Periodic Table: The available chemical elements are arranged considering their atomic number, the electronic configuration and their properties. The elements placed on the left of the table are metals and non-metals are placed on right side of the table.

In periodic table the horizontal rows are called periods and the vertical column are called group.

The elements placed on the left of the table are metals which contain its last electron on s-orbital hence considered as s-block elements and the elements placed on the right side of the table contains its last electron in p-orbital which is regarded as p-block elements.

The s and p block elements together are called as main group elements.

Nonmetals: The right of diagonal elements stretches from boron to Tellurium, in group 14 to 18.

Main group elements are included from group 1A to 8A.

Lanthanides are 6^th period elements from lanthanide to hafnium.

Transition elements are included in 1B to 8B group’s elements.

Actinides are 7^th period elements from actinium to lawrencium.

8A group elements, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine and chlorine are the elements occur in gaseous state.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 2, Problem 29PS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Considering the given set of elements, nonmetals should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Periodic Table: The available chemical elements are arranged considering their atomic number, the electronic configuration and their properties. The elements placed on the left of the table are metals and non-metals are placed on right side of the table.

In periodic table the horizontal rows are called periods and the vertical column are called group.

The elements placed on the left of the table are metals which contain its last electron on s-orbital hence considered as s-block elements and the elements placed on the right side of the table contains its last electron in p-orbital which is regarded as p-block elements.

The s and p block elements together are called as main group elements.

Nonmetals: The right of diagonal elements stretches from boron to Tellurium, in group 14 to 18.

Main group elements are included from group 1A to 8A.

Lanthanides are 6^th period elements from lanthanide to hafnium.

Transition elements are included in 1B to 8B group’s elements.

Actinides are 7^th period elements from actinium to lawrencium.

8A group elements, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine and chlorine are the elements occur in gaseous state.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Considering the given set of elements, main group elements should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Periodic Table: The available chemical elements are arranged considering their atomic number, the electronic configuration and their properties. The elements placed on the left of the table are metals and non-metals are placed on right side of the table.

In periodic table the horizontal rows are called periods and the vertical column are called group.

The elements placed on the left of the table are metals which contain its last electron on s-orbital hence considered as s-block elements and the elements placed on the right side of the table contains its last electron in p-orbital which is regarded as p-block elements.

The s and p block elements together are called as main group elements.

Nonmetals: The right of diagonal elements stretches from boron to Tellurium, in group 14 to 18.

Main group elements are included from group 1A to 8A.

Lanthanides are 6^th period elements from lanthanide to hafnium.

Transition elements are included in 1B to 8B group’s elements.

Actinides are 7^th period elements from actinium to lawrencium.

8A group elements, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine and chlorine are the elements occur in gaseous state.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Considering the given set of elements, lanthanides should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Periodic Table: The available chemical elements are arranged considering their atomic number, the electronic configuration and their properties. The elements placed on the left of the table are metals and non-metals are placed on right side of the table.

In periodic table the horizontal rows are called periods and the vertical column are called group.

The elements placed on the left of the table are metals which contain its last electron on s-orbital hence considered as s-block elements and the elements placed on the right side of the table contains its last electron in p-orbital which is regarded as p-block elements.

The s and p block elements together are called as main group elements.

Nonmetals: The right of diagonal elements stretches from boron to Tellurium, in group 14 to 18.

Main group elements are included from group 1A to 8A.

Lanthanides are 6^th period elements from lanthanide to hafnium.

Transition elements are included in 1B to 8B group’s elements.

Actinides are 7^th period elements from actinium to lawrencium.

8A group elements, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine and chlorine are the elements occur in gaseous state.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Considering the given set of elements, transition elements should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Periodic Table: The available chemical elements are arranged considering their atomic number, the electronic configuration and their properties. The elements placed on the left of the table are metals and non-metals are placed on right side of the table.

In periodic table the horizontal rows are called periods and the vertical column are called group.

The elements placed on the left of the table are metals which contain its last electron on s-orbital hence considered as s-block elements and the elements placed on the right side of the table contains its last electron in p-orbital which is regarded as p-block elements.

The s and p block elements together are called as main group elements.

Nonmetals: The right of diagonal elements stretches from boron to Tellurium, in group 14 to 18.

Main group elements are included from group 1A to 8A.

Lanthanides are 6^th period elements from lanthanide to hafnium.

Transition elements are included in 1B to 8B group’s elements.

Actinides are 7^th period elements from actinium to lawrencium.

8A group elements, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine and chlorine are the elements occur in gaseous state.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Considering the given set of elements, actinides should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Periodic Table: The available chemical elements are arranged considering their atomic number, the electronic configuration and their properties. The elements placed on the left of the table are metals and non-metals are placed on right side of the table.

In periodic table the horizontal rows are called periods and the vertical column are called group.

The elements placed on the left of the table are metals which contain its last electron on s-orbital hence considered as s-block elements and the elements placed on the right side of the table contains its last electron in p-orbital which is regarded as p-block elements.

The s and p block elements together are called as main group elements.

Nonmetals: The right of diagonal elements stretches from boron to Tellurium, in group 14 to 18.

Main group elements are included from group 1A to 8A.

Lanthanides are 6^th period elements from lanthanide to hafnium.

Transition elements are included in 1B to 8B group’s elements.

Actinides are 7^th period elements from actinium to lawrencium.

8A group elements, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine and chlorine are the elements occur in gaseous state.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Considering the given set of elements, gases should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Periodic Table: The available chemical elements are arranged considering their atomic number, the electronic configuration and their properties. The elements placed on the left of the table are metals and non-metals are placed on right side of the table.

In periodic table the horizontal rows are called periods and the vertical column are called group.

The elements placed on the left of the table are metals which contain its last electron on s-orbital hence considered as s-block elements and the elements placed on the right side of the table contains its last electron in p-orbital which is regarded as p-block elements.

The s and p block elements together are called as main group elements.

Nonmetals: The right of diagonal elements stretches from boron to Tellurium, in group 14 to 18.

Main group elements are included from group 1A to 8A.

Lanthanides are 6^th period elements from lanthanide to hafnium.

Transition elements are included in 1B to 8B group’s elements.

Actinides are 7^th period elements from actinium to lawrencium.

8A group elements, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine and chlorine are the elements occur in gaseous state.

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Answer 5

Chapter 2, Problem 29PS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Considering the given set of elements, nonmetals should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Periodic Table: The available chemical elements are arranged considering their atomic number, the electronic configuration and their properties. The elements placed on the left of the table are metals and non-metals are placed on right side of the table.

In periodic table the horizontal rows are called periods and the vertical column are called group.

The elements placed on the left of the table are metals which contain its last electron on s-orbital hence considered as s-block elements and the elements placed on the right side of the table contains its last electron in p-orbital which is regarded as p-block elements.

The s and p block elements together are called as main group elements.

Nonmetals: The right of diagonal elements stretches from boron to Tellurium, in group 14 to 18.

Main group elements are included from group 1A to 8A.

Lanthanides are 6^th period elements from lanthanide to hafnium.

Transition elements are included in 1B to 8B group’s elements.

Actinides are 7^th period elements from actinium to lawrencium.

8A group elements, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine and chlorine are the elements occur in gaseous state.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Considering the given set of elements, main group elements should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Periodic Table: The available chemical elements are arranged considering their atomic number, the electronic configuration and their properties. The elements placed on the left of the table are metals and non-metals are placed on right side of the table.

In periodic table the horizontal rows are called periods and the vertical column are called group.

The elements placed on the left of the table are metals which contain its last electron on s-orbital hence considered as s-block elements and the elements placed on the right side of the table contains its last electron in p-orbital which is regarded as p-block elements.

The s and p block elements together are called as main group elements.

Nonmetals: The right of diagonal elements stretches from boron to Tellurium, in group 14 to 18.

Main group elements are included from group 1A to 8A.

Lanthanides are 6^th period elements from lanthanide to hafnium.

Transition elements are included in 1B to 8B group’s elements.

Actinides are 7^th period elements from actinium to lawrencium.

8A group elements, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine and chlorine are the elements occur in gaseous state.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Considering the given set of elements, lanthanides should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Periodic Table: The available chemical elements are arranged considering their atomic number, the electronic configuration and their properties. The elements placed on the left of the table are metals and non-metals are placed on right side of the table.

In periodic table the horizontal rows are called periods and the vertical column are called group.

The elements placed on the left of the table are metals which contain its last electron on s-orbital hence considered as s-block elements and the elements placed on the right side of the table contains its last electron in p-orbital which is regarded as p-block elements.

The s and p block elements together are called as main group elements.

Nonmetals: The right of diagonal elements stretches from boron to Tellurium, in group 14 to 18.

Main group elements are included from group 1A to 8A.

Lanthanides are 6^th period elements from lanthanide to hafnium.

Transition elements are included in 1B to 8B group’s elements.

Actinides are 7^th period elements from actinium to lawrencium.

8A group elements, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine and chlorine are the elements occur in gaseous state.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Considering the given set of elements, transition elements should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Periodic Table: The available chemical elements are arranged considering their atomic number, the electronic configuration and their properties. The elements placed on the left of the table are metals and non-metals are placed on right side of the table.

In periodic table the horizontal rows are called periods and the vertical column are called group.

The elements placed on the left of the table are metals which contain its last electron on s-orbital hence considered as s-block elements and the elements placed on the right side of the table contains its last electron in p-orbital which is regarded as p-block elements.

The s and p block elements together are called as main group elements.

Nonmetals: The right of diagonal elements stretches from boron to Tellurium, in group 14 to 18.

Main group elements are included from group 1A to 8A.

Lanthanides are 6^th period elements from lanthanide to hafnium.

Transition elements are included in 1B to 8B group’s elements.

Actinides are 7^th period elements from actinium to lawrencium.

8A group elements, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine and chlorine are the elements occur in gaseous state.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Considering the given set of elements, actinides should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Periodic Table: The available chemical elements are arranged considering their atomic number, the electronic configuration and their properties. The elements placed on the left of the table are metals and non-metals are placed on right side of the table.

In periodic table the horizontal rows are called periods and the vertical column are called group.

The elements placed on the left of the table are metals which contain its last electron on s-orbital hence considered as s-block elements and the elements placed on the right side of the table contains its last electron in p-orbital which is regarded as p-block elements.

The s and p block elements together are called as main group elements.

Nonmetals: The right of diagonal elements stretches from boron to Tellurium, in group 14 to 18.

Main group elements are included from group 1A to 8A.

Lanthanides are 6^th period elements from lanthanide to hafnium.

Transition elements are included in 1B to 8B group’s elements.

Actinides are 7^th period elements from actinium to lawrencium.

8A group elements, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine and chlorine are the elements occur in gaseous state.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Considering the given set of elements, gases should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Periodic Table: The available chemical elements are arranged considering their atomic number, the electronic configuration and their properties. The elements placed on the left of the table are metals and non-metals are placed on right side of the table.

In periodic table the horizontal rows are called periods and the vertical column are called group.

The elements placed on the left of the table are metals which contain its last electron on s-orbital hence considered as s-block elements and the elements placed on the right side of the table contains its last electron in p-orbital which is regarded as p-block elements.

The s and p block elements together are called as main group elements.

Nonmetals: The right of diagonal elements stretches from boron to Tellurium, in group 14 to 18.

Main group elements are included from group 1A to 8A.

Lanthanides are 6^th period elements from lanthanide to hafnium.

Transition elements are included in 1B to 8B group’s elements.

Actinides are 7^th period elements from actinium to lawrencium.

8A group elements, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine and chlorine are the elements occur in gaseous state.

Answer 6

Chapter 2, Problem 29PS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Considering the given set of elements, nonmetals should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Periodic Table: The available chemical elements are arranged considering their atomic number, the electronic configuration and their properties. The elements placed on the left of the table are metals and non-metals are placed on right side of the table.

In periodic table the horizontal rows are called periods and the vertical column are called group.

The elements placed on the left of the table are metals which contain its last electron on s-orbital hence considered as s-block elements and the elements placed on the right side of the table contains its last electron in p-orbital which is regarded as p-block elements.

The s and p block elements together are called as main group elements.

Nonmetals: The right of diagonal elements stretches from boron to Tellurium, in group 14 to 18.

Main group elements are included from group 1A to 8A.

Lanthanides are 6^th period elements from lanthanide to hafnium.

Transition elements are included in 1B to 8B group’s elements.

Actinides are 7^th period elements from actinium to lawrencium.

8A group elements, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine and chlorine are the elements occur in gaseous state.

Answer 7

Chapter 2, Problem 29PS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Considering the given set of elements, nonmetals should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Periodic Table: The available chemical elements are arranged considering their atomic number, the electronic configuration and their properties. The elements placed on the left of the table are metals and non-metals are placed on right side of the table.

In periodic table the horizontal rows are called periods and the vertical column are called group.

The elements placed on the left of the table are metals which contain its last electron on s-orbital hence considered as s-block elements and the elements placed on the right side of the table contains its last electron in p-orbital which is regarded as p-block elements.

The s and p block elements together are called as main group elements.

Nonmetals: The right of diagonal elements stretches from boron to Tellurium, in group 14 to 18.

Main group elements are included from group 1A to 8A.

Lanthanides are 6^th period elements from lanthanide to hafnium.

Transition elements are included in 1B to 8B group’s elements.

Actinides are 7^th period elements from actinium to lawrencium.

8A group elements, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine and chlorine are the elements occur in gaseous state.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Considering the given set of elements, main group elements should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Periodic Table: The available chemical elements are arranged considering their atomic number, the electronic configuration and their properties. The elements placed on the left of the table are metals and non-metals are placed on right side of the table.

In periodic table the horizontal rows are called periods and the vertical column are called group.

The elements placed on the left of the table are metals which contain its last electron on s-orbital hence considered as s-block elements and the elements placed on the right side of the table contains its last electron in p-orbital which is regarded as p-block elements.

The s and p block elements together are called as main group elements.

Nonmetals: The right of diagonal elements stretches from boron to Tellurium, in group 14 to 18.

Main group elements are included from group 1A to 8A.

Lanthanides are 6^th period elements from lanthanide to hafnium.

Transition elements are included in 1B to 8B group’s elements.

Actinides are 7^th period elements from actinium to lawrencium.

8A group elements, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine and chlorine are the elements occur in gaseous state.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Considering the given set of elements, main group elements should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Periodic Table: The available chemical elements are arranged considering their atomic number, the electronic configuration and their properties. The elements placed on the left of the table are metals and non-metals are placed on right side of the table.

In periodic table the horizontal rows are called periods and the vertical column are called group.

The elements placed on the left of the table are metals which contain its last electron on s-orbital hence considered as s-block elements and the elements placed on the right side of the table contains its last electron in p-orbital which is regarded as p-block elements.

The s and p block elements together are called as main group elements.

Nonmetals: The right of diagonal elements stretches from boron to Tellurium, in group 14 to 18.

Main group elements are included from group 1A to 8A.

Lanthanides are 6^th period elements from lanthanide to hafnium.

Transition elements are included in 1B to 8B group’s elements.

Actinides are 7^th period elements from actinium to lawrencium.

8A group elements, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine and chlorine are the elements occur in gaseous state.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Considering the given set of elements, lanthanides should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Periodic Table: The available chemical elements are arranged considering their atomic number, the electronic configuration and their properties. The elements placed on the left of the table are metals and non-metals are placed on right side of the table.

In periodic table the horizontal rows are called periods and the vertical column are called group.

The elements placed on the left of the table are metals which contain its last electron on s-orbital hence considered as s-block elements and the elements placed on the right side of the table contains its last electron in p-orbital which is regarded as p-block elements.

The s and p block elements together are called as main group elements.

Nonmetals: The right of diagonal elements stretches from boron to Tellurium, in group 14 to 18.

Main group elements are included from group 1A to 8A.

Lanthanides are 6^th period elements from lanthanide to hafnium.

Transition elements are included in 1B to 8B group’s elements.

Actinides are 7^th period elements from actinium to lawrencium.

8A group elements, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine and chlorine are the elements occur in gaseous state.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Considering the given set of elements, lanthanides should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Periodic Table: The available chemical elements are arranged considering their atomic number, the electronic configuration and their properties. The elements placed on the left of the table are metals and non-metals are placed on right side of the table.

In periodic table the horizontal rows are called periods and the vertical column are called group.

The elements placed on the left of the table are metals which contain its last electron on s-orbital hence considered as s-block elements and the elements placed on the right side of the table contains its last electron in p-orbital which is regarded as p-block elements.

The s and p block elements together are called as main group elements.

Nonmetals: The right of diagonal elements stretches from boron to Tellurium, in group 14 to 18.

Main group elements are included from group 1A to 8A.

Lanthanides are 6^th period elements from lanthanide to hafnium.

Transition elements are included in 1B to 8B group’s elements.

Actinides are 7^th period elements from actinium to lawrencium.

8A group elements, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine and chlorine are the elements occur in gaseous state.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Considering the given set of elements, transition elements should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Periodic Table: The available chemical elements are arranged considering their atomic number, the electronic configuration and their properties. The elements placed on the left of the table are metals and non-metals are placed on right side of the table.

In periodic table the horizontal rows are called periods and the vertical column are called group.

The elements placed on the left of the table are metals which contain its last electron on s-orbital hence considered as s-block elements and the elements placed on the right side of the table contains its last electron in p-orbital which is regarded as p-block elements.

The s and p block elements together are called as main group elements.

Nonmetals: The right of diagonal elements stretches from boron to Tellurium, in group 14 to 18.

Main group elements are included from group 1A to 8A.

Lanthanides are 6^th period elements from lanthanide to hafnium.

Transition elements are included in 1B to 8B group’s elements.

Actinides are 7^th period elements from actinium to lawrencium.

8A group elements, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine and chlorine are the elements occur in gaseous state.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Considering the given set of elements, transition elements should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Periodic Table: The available chemical elements are arranged considering their atomic number, the electronic configuration and their properties. The elements placed on the left of the table are metals and non-metals are placed on right side of the table.

In periodic table the horizontal rows are called periods and the vertical column are called group.

The elements placed on the left of the table are metals which contain its last electron on s-orbital hence considered as s-block elements and the elements placed on the right side of the table contains its last electron in p-orbital which is regarded as p-block elements.

The s and p block elements together are called as main group elements.

Nonmetals: The right of diagonal elements stretches from boron to Tellurium, in group 14 to 18.

Main group elements are included from group 1A to 8A.

Lanthanides are 6^th period elements from lanthanide to hafnium.

Transition elements are included in 1B to 8B group’s elements.

Actinides are 7^th period elements from actinium to lawrencium.

8A group elements, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine and chlorine are the elements occur in gaseous state.

Answer 14

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Considering the given set of elements, actinides should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Periodic Table: The available chemical elements are arranged considering their atomic number, the electronic configuration and their properties. The elements placed on the left of the table are metals and non-metals are placed on right side of the table.

In periodic table the horizontal rows are called periods and the vertical column are called group.

The elements placed on the left of the table are metals which contain its last electron on s-orbital hence considered as s-block elements and the elements placed on the right side of the table contains its last electron in p-orbital which is regarded as p-block elements.

The s and p block elements together are called as main group elements.

Nonmetals: The right of diagonal elements stretches from boron to Tellurium, in group 14 to 18.

Main group elements are included from group 1A to 8A.

Lanthanides are 6^th period elements from lanthanide to hafnium.

Transition elements are included in 1B to 8B group’s elements.

Actinides are 7^th period elements from actinium to lawrencium.

8A group elements, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine and chlorine are the elements occur in gaseous state.

Answer 15

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Considering the given set of elements, actinides should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Periodic Table: The available chemical elements are arranged considering their atomic number, the electronic configuration and their properties. The elements placed on the left of the table are metals and non-metals are placed on right side of the table.

In periodic table the horizontal rows are called periods and the vertical column are called group.

The elements placed on the left of the table are metals which contain its last electron on s-orbital hence considered as s-block elements and the elements placed on the right side of the table contains its last electron in p-orbital which is regarded as p-block elements.

The s and p block elements together are called as main group elements.

Nonmetals: The right of diagonal elements stretches from boron to Tellurium, in group 14 to 18.

Main group elements are included from group 1A to 8A.

Lanthanides are 6^th period elements from lanthanide to hafnium.

Transition elements are included in 1B to 8B group’s elements.

Actinides are 7^th period elements from actinium to lawrencium.

8A group elements, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine and chlorine are the elements occur in gaseous state.

Answer 16

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Considering the given set of elements, gases should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Periodic Table: The available chemical elements are arranged considering their atomic number, the electronic configuration and their properties. The elements placed on the left of the table are metals and non-metals are placed on right side of the table.

In periodic table the horizontal rows are called periods and the vertical column are called group.

The elements placed on the left of the table are metals which contain its last electron on s-orbital hence considered as s-block elements and the elements placed on the right side of the table contains its last electron in p-orbital which is regarded as p-block elements.

The s and p block elements together are called as main group elements.

Nonmetals: The right of diagonal elements stretches from boron to Tellurium, in group 14 to 18.

Main group elements are included from group 1A to 8A.

Lanthanides are 6^th period elements from lanthanide to hafnium.

Transition elements are included in 1B to 8B group’s elements.

Actinides are 7^th period elements from actinium to lawrencium.

8A group elements, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine and chlorine are the elements occur in gaseous state.

Answer 17

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Considering the given set of elements, gases should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Periodic Table: The available chemical elements are arranged considering their atomic number, the electronic configuration and their properties. The elements placed on the left of the table are metals and non-metals are placed on right side of the table.

In periodic table the horizontal rows are called periods and the vertical column are called group.

The elements placed on the left of the table are metals which contain its last electron on s-orbital hence considered as s-block elements and the elements placed on the right side of the table contains its last electron in p-orbital which is regarded as p-block elements.

The s and p block elements together are called as main group elements.

Nonmetals: The right of diagonal elements stretches from boron to Tellurium, in group 14 to 18.

Main group elements are included from group 1A to 8A.

Lanthanides are 6^th period elements from lanthanide to hafnium.

Transition elements are included in 1B to 8B group’s elements.

Actinides are 7^th period elements from actinium to lawrencium.

8A group elements, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine and chlorine are the elements occur in gaseous state.

Answer 18

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Answer 29

Ch. 2.2 - 1. What is the mass of an iron atom with 30...Ch. 2.2 - 1. The mass of an atom of manganese is 54.9380 u....Ch. 2.2 - An atom contains 12 neutrons and has a mass number...Ch. 2.3 - 1. Silver has two isotopes, one with 60 neutrons...Ch. 2.3 - 2. A naturally occurring sample of argon contains...Ch. 2.4 - Verify that the atomic weight of chlorine is...Ch. 2.4 - Neon has three stable isotopes, one with a small...Ch. 2.4 - 1. Which is the more abundant isotope of copper,...Ch. 2.4 - 2. Which of the following is closest to the...Ch. 2.4 - Prob. 3RC

Solution Summary: The author explains how periodic table elements are arranged considering their atomic number, electronic configuration, and their properties.

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Chapter 2 Solutions