Chapter 2, Problem 2.80E

D1. One atom has 20 protons and a mass number of 44. Another atom has 20 protons and a mass number of 40. (a) What is the similarity and dissimilarity in these atoms? (b) The atom combines with phosphate ion. Write the chemical formula and chemical name of the compound. (c) What is the valency and oxidation number of an atom in the elemental form?

Suppose that mercury forms a perfect spherical droplet with a diameter of 5.0 mm. (a) What is the volume of the mercury droplet in cubic centimeters (cm3)? (b) If the density of mercury is 13.6 g/cm3, calculate the mass of the droplet. (c) How many mercury atoms are present in the droplet? (Volume of sphere = (4/3)3.14r3)

What are the following? Give one example of each.(i) Sweetening agents(ii) Food preservatives(iii) Antibiotics

Write a formula for each of the following compounds:(a) Hydrazine, a rocket fuel, consists of two nitrogen atoms and four hydrogen atoms.(b) Glucose, a sugar, consists of six carbon atoms, twelve hydrogen atoms, and six oxygen atoms.

What chemical test(s) could you use to distinguish solid barium chloride from solid barium sulfate?

(a) Atoms are very small compared to objects on the macroscopic scale. The radius of a vanadium atom is 131 pm. What is this value in meters and in centimeters? cm (b) The mass of a single vanadium atom is 8.46×10-23 g. Suppose enough V atoms were lined up like beads on a string to span a distance of 44.7 cm ( 18 atoms inches). How many atoms would be required? What mass in grams of V would be used? Could you weigh out this amount of vanadium using a typical laboratory balance? (c) Taking the density of vanadium metal to be 6.08 g/cm³, calculate the mass of metal needed to form a piece of V wire with the same length as the distance in b, but with a diameter of 1.00 mm. Hint: The volume of a cylinder is T times its radius squared times its height. (V = T r² h) How many vanadium atoms does this represent? atoms

Which of the following chemical formulas are NOT written correctly?   (a) F3P (b)NH4+ (c) Fe(NO3)2 (d) H2S (e) All of these are written correctly

(a) What is a hydrocarbon? (b) Butane is the alkane with a chain of four carbon atoms. Write a structural formula for this compound and determine its molecular and empirical formulas.

A biochemist who is studying the properties of certain sulfur (S)–containing compounds in the body wonders whether trace amounts of another nonmetallic element might have similar be- havior. To which element should she turn her attention? (a) O, (b) As, (c) Se, (d) Cr, (e) P.