Introductory Chemistry For Today
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781285644561
Author: Seager
Publisher: Cengage
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Consider the nuclide cobalt-59 (5927Co).
(a)
The mass of 5927Co in atomic mass units is 58.933200 u. (Note this is the mass of the entire atom, not just the nucleus.) This mass is lower than the total mass of its constituent protons, neutrons, and electrons.
Find the difference, in atomic mass units, between the total mass of the constituent particles, and the actual mass of the nuclide. (This is sometimes called the "mass defect.") The mass of a proton is 1.007276 u, the mass of a neutron is 1.008665 u, and the mass of an electron is 5.486 ✕ 10−4 u. (Round your answer to at least four decimal places.)
b) Since, according to special relativity theory, mass and energy are "equivalent," the mass defect, or "missing" mass found in part (a), is measurement of the energy it would take to break the bound 5927Co atom into its constituent particles. In other words, it is equivalent to the binding energy.
Using the result of part (a), find the binding energy per nucleon, Eb/A for 5927Co in…
An isotope with atomic number 64 and mass number 158 is found to have a mass ratio relative to that of carbon-12 of 13.16034. What is the isotope, what is its atomic mass in u, and what is its mass relative to oxygen-16?
Uranium has three isotopes : uranium-233, uranium-235, and uranium-238. Compare the number of neutrons in each isotope. Determine which isotope is the most common and explain how you know .
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- Which of these statements are qualitative? Which are quantitative? Explain your choice in each case. (a) Sodium is a silvery-white metal. (b) Aluminum melts at 660 C. (c) Carbon makes up about 23% of the human body by mass. (d) Pure carbon occurs in different forms: graphite, diamond, and fullerenes.arrow_forwardThe age of the universe is unknown, but some conclude from measuring Hubbles constant that the age is about 18 billion years old, which is about four times the age of Earth. If so, calculate the age of the universe in seconds. If you had a sample of carbon with the same number of carbon atoms as there have been seconds since the universe began, determine whether you could measure this sample on a laboratory balance that can detect masses as small as 0.1 mg.arrow_forwardA student used a piece of aluminum that had a mass of 2.583 grams, and treated according to the same procedure you used in this experiment.2 Al(s) + 2 KOH(aq) + 4 H2SO4(aq) + 22 H2O(l) → 2 KAl(SO4)2•12H2O(s) + 3 H2(g) What is the mass of Alum theoretically possible? (Hint – Use the molar mass of the alum calculated in question #1.)arrow_forward
- Aunt Julie went to the jewelry store to buy a gift for her amiga. As an aunt from Poveda, she knows that the karat scale is based on mass percentages. She was also informed by Uncle Bruno that pure gold is equivalent to 24 karats. If she bought a bracelet made of gold alloy that is 50 mol% silver and 50 mol% gold, what is the karat number of the bracelet?arrow_forwardDuring World War II, physicists developed methods to separate the uranium-235 and -238 isotopes. One method involved converting the uranium metal to a gas, UF6, and then allowing the gas to diffuse through a porous barrier, with the lighter gas diffusing faster. What is the difference in the speeds of the two UF6 gas species at room temperature?arrow_forwardIf 4 Kg of Gallium (Ga) is reacted with 11 Kg of Nitrogen (N). what mass of GaN will be formed? The molar mass of Ga is 69.723 g/mol, the molar mass of N is 14.0067 g/mol, and the molar mass of GaN is 83.73 g/mol. Please give your answer in grams.arrow_forward
- Tin, element 50 on the periodic table, has 10 stable isotopes. 117^Sn makes up 7.687% of naturally occurring tin atoms. How many atoms of 117^Sn are present in 72.00 g of naturally occurring tin?arrow_forward● In the space below, use X for the symbol of an element, Z for the atomic number and A for the mass number to write a general nuclide symbol.arrow_forwardLooking at isotope ratios, we can determine past climates. Please explain how the ration of Oxygen 18 to Oxygen 16 helps to determine whether a past climate was colder or warmer than todays climate.arrow_forward
- You are exploring the universe in your spaceship, and you land on a planet that is very similar to Earth. You encounter humanoid life forms that are comprised of molecules containing many carbon atoms (just like humans on Earth). And just like here on Earth, there are three isotopes of carbon: 12C, 13C, and 14C. However, on this new planet that you have discovered, the average isotopic mass of carbon is 13.101 amu. What can you conclude about this planet that you have discovered? Mark any/all that apply. Of the three isotopes of carbon, 14C has the greatest percent abundance. Half a mole of methane (CH4) on this new planet has a greater mass than half a mole of methane (CH4) on Earth. Of the three isotopes of carbon, 12C has the greatest percent abundance. Half a mole of methane (CH4) on this new planet has a lower mass than half a mole of methane (CH4) on Earth. Of the three isotopes of carbon, 13C has the greatest percent abundance.arrow_forwardnatural rubidium has the average mass of 85.4678 AMU and is composed of isotopes Rb 85 (mass = 84.9117) and Rb 87. The ratio of Rb 85 to Rb 87 in natural Rb is 2.591. What is the mass of Rb 87 in AMU?arrow_forwardElement Atomic Number: 1 Name: Hydrogen Symbol: H Atomic Number 1 O'H O2H 25 50 75 Atomic Number An atom can be thought of as being formed from a number of combined 'H atoms with additional neutrons in the nucleus. The mass of an atom is less than that of the combined masses of the nuclear particles from which it is formed. This "mass loss" is an indication of the stablity of the atom's nucleus. In order to compare different atoms, the relative mass loss (in g/mol) is defined as: [(number protons x mass of 'H)+(number of neutrons x mass of n)] - atomic mass number of protons + number of neutrons The atom's binding energy (the energy associated with holding the nucleus together) can be calculated as: relative mass loss (kg/mol) x (2.998 x 10°m/s) The resulting units are joules/mole. Because calculating the relative mass loss involves dividing by the total number of nucleons (protons + neutrons), the binding energy is called the 'binding energy per nucleon.' (Previous Next) Relative…arrow_forward
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