Chapter 2, Problem 2.27E

(Integer Equivalent of a Character) Here is a peek ahead. In this chapter you learned about integers and the type int. C++ can also represent uppercase letters, lowercase letters and a considerable variety of special symbols. C++ uses small integers internally to represent each different character. The set of characters a computer uses and the corresponding integer representations for those characters are called that computer’s characterset You can print a character by enclosing that character in single quotes, as with

   cout «; // print an uppercase A

You can print the integer equivalent of a character using static_cast as follows:

   cout « static cast<int>(‘A); // print>’A’as an integer

This is called a castoperation (we formally introduce casts in Chapter 4). When the preceding statementexecutes, it prints the value 65 (on systems that use the ASCII character set). Write a programthat prints the integer equivalent of a character typed at the keyboard. Store the input in a variable oftype char.Test your program several times using uppercase letters, lowercase letters,digits and special characters (such as $).