Chapter 2, Problem 2.12BTA

Summary Introduction

To list: The signs and symptoms common to both hyponatremia and hypernatremia and the signs that differentiate the two states.

Concept introduction: Sodium is an important electrolyte that performs a wide variety of functions in the body. The optimum concentration of sodium in the body is 3.8 to 5 mmol per liter. If there is any imbalance in the optimum concentration of sodium, it leads to sodium electrolyte imbalance conditions called as hyponatremia and hypernatremia. Hyponatremia is a condition where the level of sodium in the blood decreases below the threshold level of 135- 145 mmol/L. Hypernatremia is a condition where the level of sodium in the blood crosses the threshold level of 135- 145 mmol/L.