Chapter 2, Problem 2.110P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The systematic name for blue vitriol ${\text{CuSO}}_4.5{\text{H}}_2\text{O}$ is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The general rules for writing the systematic names of ionic compounds are as follows:

1) In binary ionic compounds, the name of the metal is written as the original name whereas the name of the non-metal has the root word with the suffix $\text{-}ide$.

2) In metals that form more than one ion, the Latin root of the metal is followed by a suffix $\text{-}ous$ for the ion with lower charge and suffix $\text{-}ic$ for the ion with a higher charge. In the systematic name, the name of the metal is followed by the charge on the metal within the parentheses in roman numerals.

3) In the family of two oxoanions, the ion with more oxygen atoms has the non-metal root and a suffix $\text{-}ate$ added to it. The ion with fewer oxygen atoms ahs the non-metal root and the suffix $\text{-}ite$ added to it.

4) For hydrated ionic compounds, the total number of water molecules are represented by the Greek numerical prefixes followed by the word hydrate.

Answer to Problem 2.110P

The systematic name for the compound ${\text{CuSO}}_4.5{\text{H}}_2\text{O}$ is $\text{copper}\left(\text{II}\right)\text{ sulfate pentahydrate}$.

Explanation of Solution

The anion sulfate is a polyatomic anion and the charge on the sulfate ion is $-2$. Therefore, to balance the $-2$ charge on the sulfate, the copper ion that associates with it must has a charge of $+2$ on it. Therefore, the $+2$ charge on the copper ion is represented using the Roman numeral in parentheses followed by the name of the metal in the systematic name. The total number of water molecules that combine with the molecule ${\text{CuSO}}_4$ is 5. Hence the Greek numerical prefix $penta\text{-}$ precedes the word hydrate in the systematic name.

Conclusion

The systematic name for the compound ${\text{CuSO}}_4.5{\text{H}}_2\text{O}$ is $\text{copper}\left(\text{II}\right)\text{ sulfate pentahydrate}$.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The systematic name for slaked lime $\text{Ca}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_2$ is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The general rules for writing the systematic names of ionic compounds are as follows:

1) In binary ionic compounds, the name of the metal is written as the original name whereas the name of the non-metal has the root word with the suffix $\text{-}ide$.

2) In metals that form more than one ion, the Latin root of the metal is followed by a suffix $\text{-}ous$ for the ion with lower charge and suffix $\text{-}ic$ for the ion with a higher charge. In the systematic name, the name of the metal is followed by the charge on the metal within the parentheses in roman numerals.

3) In the family of two oxoanions, the ion with more oxygen atoms has the non-metal root and a suffix $\text{-}ate$ added to it. The ion with fewer oxygen atoms ahs the non-metal root and the suffix $\text{-}ite$ added to it.

4) For hydrated ionic compounds, the total number of water molecules are represented by the Greek numerical prefixes followed by the word hydrate.

Answer to Problem 2.110P

The systematic name for the compound $\text{Ca}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_2$ is calcium hydroxide.

Explanation of Solution

$\text{Ca}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_2$ is a binary ionic compound. As per the general rules, the name of the metal is written as the original name i.e. calcium. The name of the anion has the root word hydrox- followed by the suffix $\text{-}ide$. Therefore the name of the compound is calcium hydroxide.

Conclusion

The systematic name for the compound $\text{Ca}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_2$ is calcium hydroxide.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The systematic name for oil of vitriol ${\text{H}}_2{\text{SO}}_4$ is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The general rules for naming oxoacids are as follows:

1) The suffix $\text{-}ate$ of the oxoanion changes to $\text{-}ic$.

2) The suffix $\text{-}ite$ of the oxoanion changes to $\text{-}ous$.

Answer to Problem 2.110P

The systematic name for oil of vitriol ${\text{H}}_2{\text{SO}}_4$ is sulfuric acid.

Explanation of Solution

${\text{SO}}_4^{2-}$ is the formula for the sulfate oxoanion. Since ${\text{H}}_2{\text{SO}}_4$ is an acid, therefore the suffix $\text{-}ate$ changes to $\text{-}ic$ and the systematic name is sulfuric acid.

Conclusion

The systematic name for oil of vitriol ${\text{H}}_2{\text{SO}}_4$ is sulfuric acid.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The systematic name for washing soda ${\text{Na}}_2{\text{CO}}_3$ is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The general rules for writing the systematic names of ionic compounds are as follows:

1) In binary ionic compounds, the name of the metal is written as the original name whereas the name of the non-metal has the root word with the suffix $\text{-}ide$.

2) In metals that form more than one ion, the Latin root of the metal is followed by a suffix $\text{-}ous$ for the ion with lower charge and suffix $\text{-}ic$ for the ion with a higher charge. In the systematic name, the name of the metal is followed by the charge on the metal within the parentheses in roman numerals.

3) In the family of two oxoanions, the ion with more oxygen atoms has the non-metal root and a suffix $\text{-}ate$ added to it. The ion with fewer oxygen atoms ahs the non-metal root and the suffix $\text{-}ite$ added to it.

4) For hydrated ionic compounds, the total number of water molecules are represented by the Greek numerical prefixes followed by the word hydrate.

Answer to Problem 2.110P

The systematic name for washing soda ${\text{Na}}_2{\text{CO}}_3$ is sodium carbonate.

Explanation of Solution

${\text{Na}}_2{\text{CO}}_3$ is an ionic compound. The symbol $\text{Na}$ represents the metal element sodium. The polyatomic ion ${\text{CO}}_3^{2-}$ is the carbonate ion. Therefore the name of the compound is sodium carbonate.

Conclusion

The systematic name for washing soda ${\text{Na}}_2{\text{CO}}_3$ is sodium carbonate.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The systematic name for muriatic acid $\text{HCl}$ is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The general formula to name binary acids is,

$\text{Prefix }hydro\text{-}+\text{non-metal root}+\text{suffix -}ic+\text{acid}$ (1)

Answer to Problem 2.110P

The systematic name for muriatic acid $\text{HCl}$ is hydrochloric acid.

Explanation of Solution

The non-metal anion chloride has the root word chlor.

Substitute chlor for the non-metal root in equation (1).

$\text{Prefix }hydro\text{-}+\text{chlor}+\text{suffix -}ic+\text{acid}$

Thus the name of the compound $\text{HCl}$ is hydrochloric acid.

Conclusion

The systematic name for muriatic acid $\text{HCl}$ is hydrochloric acid.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The systematic name for Epsom salt ${\text{MgSO}}_4\cdot 7{\text{H}}_2\text{O}$ is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The general rules for writing the systematic names of ionic compounds are as follows:

1) In binary ionic compounds, the name of the metal is written as the original name whereas the name of the non-metal has the root word with the suffix $\text{-}ide$.

2) In metals that form more than one ion, the Latin root of the metal is followed by a suffix $\text{-}ous$ for the ion with lower charge and suffix $\text{-}ic$ for the ion with a higher charge. In the systematic name, the name of the metal is followed by the charge on the metal within the parentheses in roman numerals.

3) In the family of two oxoanions, the ion with more oxygen atoms has the non-metal root and a suffix $\text{-}ate$ added to it. The ion with fewer oxygen atoms ahs the non-metal root and the suffix $\text{-}ite$ added to it.

4) For hydrated ionic compounds, the total number of water molecules are represented by the Greek numerical prefixes followed by the word hydrate.

Answer to Problem 2.110P

The systematic name for Epsom salt ${\text{MgSO}}_4\cdot 7{\text{H}}_2\text{O}$ is magnesium sulfate heptahydrate.

Explanation of Solution

The symbol $\text{Mg}$ in the compound represents the metal element magnesium. The anion ${\text{SO}}_4^{2-}$ belongs to the family of two oxoanions. The other member is the ion ${\text{SO}}_3^{2-}$. Since the ion ${\text{SO}}_4^{2-}$ has one more oxygen atom than the ${\text{SO}}_3^{2-}$ ion, therefore it has the suffix $\text{-}ate$ added to its non-metal root. Therefore the ion ${\text{SO}}_4^{2-}$ is named sulfate. The molecule ${\text{MgSO}}_4\cdot 7{\text{H}}_2\text{O}$ is associated with seven water molecules since it is hydrated. Therefore, the total number of water molecules is represented by the Greek numerical prefix $hepta\text{-}$ followed by the word hydrate. Therefore the name of the compound is magnesium sulfate heptahydrate.

Conclusion

The systematic name for Epsom salt ${\text{MgSO}}_4\cdot 7{\text{H}}_2\text{O}$ is magnesium sulfate heptahydrate.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The systematic name for chalk ${\text{CaCO}}_3$ is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The general rules for writing the systematic names of ionic compounds are as follows:

1) In binary ionic compounds, the name of the metal is written as the original name whereas the name of the non-metal has the root word with the suffix $\text{-}ide$.

2) In metals that form more than one ion, the Latin root of the metal is followed by a suffix $\text{-}ous$ for the ion with lower charge and suffix $\text{-}ic$ for the ion with a higher charge. In the systematic name, the name of the metal is followed by the charge on the metal within the parentheses in roman numerals.

3) In the family of two oxoanions, the ion with more oxygen atoms has the non-metal root and a suffix $\text{-}ate$ added to it. The ion with fewer oxygen atoms ahs the non-metal root and the suffix $\text{-}ite$ added to it.

4) For hydrated ionic compounds, the total number of water molecules are represented by the Greek numerical prefixes followed by the word hydrate.

Answer to Problem 2.110P

The systematic name for chalk ${\text{CaCO}}_3$ is calcium carbonate.

Explanation of Solution

The symbol $\text{Ca}$ represents the metal element calcium. The polyatomic ion ${\text{CO}}_3^{2-}$ represents the ion carbonate. Therefore the name of the compound is calcium carbonate.

Conclusion

The systematic name for chalk ${\text{CaCO}}_3$ is calcium carbonate.

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The systematic name for dry ice ${\text{CO}}_2$ is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The general rules for writing the systematic names for covalent compounds are as follows:

1) The element with the lower group number is named first in the systematic name. The element present in the higher group number is named second. While naming the element in the higher group number, the suffix $\text{-}ide$ follows the root name of the element.

2) If both the elements belong to the same group, the element present in the higher period number is named first.

3) To indicate the total number of atoms of each element in the compound, the Greek numerical prefixes are used. For the element named first in the systematic name, the Greek numerical prefix is used only when more than one atoms of the element are present in the compound.

Answer to Problem 2.110P

The systematic name for dry ice ${\text{CO}}_2$ is carbon dioxide.

Explanation of Solution

The symbol $\text{C}$ represents the element of carbon. The total number of the non-metal element oxygen is 2. The Greek numerical prefix for 2 is $di\text{-}$. Therefore the name of the compound is carbon dioxide.

Conclusion

The systematic name for dry ice ${\text{CO}}_2$ is carbon dioxide.

(i)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The systematic name for baking soda ${\text{NaHCO}}_3$ is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The general rules for writing the systematic names of ionic compounds are as follows:

1) In binary ionic compounds, the name of the metal is written as the original name whereas the name of the non-metal has the root word with the suffix $\text{-}ide$.

2) In metals that form more than one ion, the Latin root of the metal is followed by a suffix $\text{-}ous$ for the ion with lower charge and suffix $\text{-}ic$ for the ion with a higher charge. In the systematic name, the name of the metal is followed by the charge on the metal within the parentheses in roman numerals.

3) In the family of two oxoanions, the ion with more oxygen atoms has the non-metal root and a suffix $\text{-}ate$ added to it. The ion with fewer oxygen atoms ahs the non-metal root and the suffix $\text{-}ite$ added to it.

4) For hydrated ionic compounds, the total number of water molecules are represented by the Greek numerical prefixes followed by the word hydrate.

Answer to Problem 2.110P

The systematic name for baking soda ${\text{NaHCO}}_3$ is sodium hydrogen carbonate.

Explanation of Solution

${\text{NaHCO}}_3$ is an ionic compound. The polyatomic anion ${\text{CO}}_3^{2-}$ is called the carbonate ion. It has a charge of $+2$ on it. When a hydrogen ion $\left({\text{H}}^{+}\right)$ combines with the carbonate ion, the ion formed is called hydrogen carbonate. The formula for the ion hydrogen carbonate is ${\text{HCO}}_3^{-}$. Therefore the name of the compound is sodium hydrogen carbonate.

Conclusion

The systematic name for baking soda ${\text{NaHCO}}_3$ is sodium hydrogen carbonate.

(j)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The systematic name for lye $\text{NaOH}$ is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The general rules for writing the systematic names of ionic compounds are as follows:

1) In binary ionic compounds, the name of the metal is written as the original name whereas the name of the non-metal has the root word with the suffix $\text{-}ide$.

2) In metals that form more than one ion, the Latin root of the metal is followed by a suffix $\text{-}ous$ for the ion with lower charge and suffix $\text{-}ic$ for the ion with a higher charge. In the systematic name, the name of the metal is followed by the charge on the metal within the parentheses in roman numerals.

3) In the family of two oxoanions, the ion with more oxygen atoms has the non-metal root and a suffix $\text{-}ate$ added to it. The ion with fewer oxygen atoms ahs the non-metal root and the suffix $\text{-}ite$ added to it.

4) For hydrated ionic compounds, the total number of water molecules are represented by the Greek numerical prefixes followed by the word hydrate.

Answer to Problem 2.110P

The systematic name for lye $\text{NaOH}$ is sodium hydroxide.

Explanation of Solution

$\text{NaOH}$ is an ionic compound. The anion in the compound is ${\text{OH}}^{-}$. The name of the anion is hydroxide. Therefore the name of the compound is sodium hydroxide.

Conclusion

The systematic name for lye $\text{NaOH}$ is sodium hydroxide.