Chapter 2, Problem 2.107QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The charge of the most probable ion formed from Lithium atom has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The atomic number of an atom embodies the number of protons in the atom.  For a neutral atom, number of electrons and number of protons are equal.  So the atomic number of neutral atom also embodies the number of electrons in the atoms.  Negative charge ions are formed by removing of electrons from neutral atom.

Cations are electrically positively charged particles that result from a loss of one or more electrons from the neutral atom.

  $\text{X}\stackrel{{\text{-e}}^{\text{-}}}{\to }{\text{X}}^{\text{+}}$

Neutral atom becomes a Cation.

Anions are electrically negative charged particles that result from a gain of one or more electrons by the neutral atom.

  $\text{X}\stackrel{{\text{+e}}^{\text{-}}}{\to }{\text{X}}^{-}$

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The charge of the most probable ion formed from Calcium atom has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Refer part (a).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The charge of the most probable ion formed from Sulphur atom has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Refer part (a).