Chapter 2, Problem 1QFS

Define Myocardial infarction (MI)?  Write the name of some biochemical markers for the diagnosis of MI?  Please briefly explain at your own words.

Briefly define 1) Starling’s Law of the heart, 2) the basic cellular mechanism thought to mediate this response, and 3) the physiological significance of this effect.

Newer clinical guidelines suggest using a cut-point value of 120 mmHg for systolic blood pressure to identify a person as being hypertensive. However, some clinicians and researchers have suggested increasing the cut-point value for systolic blood pressure to 130 mmHg to identify hypertension (i.e., those with systolic blood pressure of 130 mmHg and above would be positive for hypertension). If the cut-point value for identifying a person as hypertensive was increased from 120 mmHg to 130 mmHg, which of the following may occur? A. The sensitivity of the new cut-point value would increase. B. The specificity of the new cut-point value would increase. C. Both the sensitivity and specificity of the new cut-point value would increase. D. There would be no change to the sensitivity or specificity of the new cut-point value.

In the web of causation for atherosclerosis, are the various risk factors directly linked to the disease? How do the risk factors interact?

Describe why a doctor would give a patient that is diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction the treatment of tissue plasminogen activator(tPA)? What will it do?

Explain EINC.

The exact cause of blood clotting in the left atrium of the heart during atrial fibrillation (AF) is not known. In part it might be due to blood stasis (not moving) or it may result in combination with endothelial cells damage.  (A) What are the potential mechanisms that might drive clotting and what markers might you look for in the blood to predict potential risk?  (B) Other than treating the arrhythmia, what other pharmacological intervention might be provided to AF sufferers?

1. You are a lead engineer in a cGMP facility that develops and delivers tissue engineering constructs for tissue regeneration. You have been asked to develop an injectable tissue engineering solution for regenerating heart tissue following myocardial infarction. A) Describe an injectable tissue engineering solution to regenerate the damaged heart tissue by considering the following and give a brief explanation for your choices: i) Cell type and source

What are the current challenges involved in the treatment of atherosclerosis at activated endothelium with conventional therapeutics, e.g., aspirin or Acebutolol?