
(a)
The
(a)

Explanation of Solution
When the student devotes time to study for the exam, it can make the student score high grades in the exam. However, it is to be noted that the time that student spends for studying can also be used for working and earning a wage or watching some films or playing some games or else studying other subjects. Thus, the money that could have made while working at the time, the leisure that the student could have if used for some other entertainment activities, and so on are the opportunity costs.
Opportunity cost: The opportunity cost is the money value of the next best alternative that we foregone while making the choices.
(b)
The opportunity cost of playing computer game.
(b)

Explanation of Solution
The time used for playing the computer game could have been used for studying. It could have helped the student to attain higher grades in the exam which helps to get admission for higher studies or attain good job in future. Otherwise, the time could have spent for other entertainments such as outdoor games or watching movies or meeting friends, and so on. These forms the opportunity cost to the player.
(c)
The opportunity cost of buying new car.
(c)

Explanation of Solution
When the individual purchases a new car, it needs a big amount of money for the purchase. The money spend on the new car could have been utilized for other purposes such as purchasing the household items or the personal needs or on many other goods and services instead of spending on a car. Thus, the value of all other goods and services which might be consumed with the money is the opportunity cost.
(d)
The opportunity cost of increased property tax.
(d)

Explanation of Solution
The increased property tax takes away a higher tax from the people. This reduces the disposable income of the individual. Thus, the goods and services that could have been consumed with the additional income make the opportunity cost of the increased property tax.
(e)
The opportunity cost of building a space station by a number of countries.
(e)

Explanation of Solution
The space station is a very costly investment for every country. The country could have used the money to purchase necessary amenities for the people. Otherwise, the government could have provided tax reduction for its tax payers which would have helped the tax payers to increase their consumption of goods and services. All of these alternatives form the opportunity cost of spending for the space station.
(f)
The opportunity cost of going for graduation.
(f)

Explanation of Solution
The time spent for completing the graduation could have been spent for working and earning an income. Thus, all the income that could have earned through working and the leisure that could have attained through using the time for entertainment activities makes the opportunity cost of the individual.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 2 Solutions
Principles of Microeconomics
- Given the following petroleum tax details, calculate the marginal tax rate and explain its significance: Total Revenue: $500 million Cost of Operations: $200 million Tax Rate: 40% Additional Royalty: 5% Profit-Based Tax: 10%arrow_forwardUse a game tree to illustrate why an aircraft manufacturer may price below the current marginal cost in the short run if it has a steep learning curve. (Hint: Show that learning by doing lowers its cost in the second period.) Part 2 Assume for simplicity the game tree is illustrated in the figure to the right. Pricing below marginal cost reduces profits but gives the incumbent a cost advantage over potential rivals. What is the subgame perfect Nash equilibrium?arrow_forwardAnswerarrow_forward
- M” method Given the following model, solve by the method of “M”. (see image)arrow_forwardAs indicated in the attached image, U.S. earnings for high- and low-skill workers as measured by educational attainment began diverging in the 1980s. The remaining questions in this problem set use the model for the labor market developed in class to walk through potential explanations for this trend. 1. Assume that there are just two types of workers, low- and high-skill. As a result, there are two labor markets: supply and demand for low-skill workers and supply and demand for high-skill workers. Using two carefully drawn labor-market figures, show that an increase in the demand for high skill workers can explain an increase in the relative wage of high-skill workers. 2. Using the same assumptions as in the previous question, use two carefully drawn labor-market figures to show that an increase in the supply of low-skill workers can explain an increase in the relative wage of high-skill workers.arrow_forwardPublished in 1980, the book Free to Choose discusses how economists Milton Friedman and Rose Friedman proposed a one-sided view of the benefits of a voucher system. However, there are other economists who disagree about the potential effects of a voucher system.arrow_forward
- The following diagram illustrates the demand and marginal revenue curves facing a monopoly in an industry with no economies or diseconomies of scale. In the short and long run, MC = ATC. a. Calculate the values of profit, consumer surplus, and deadweight loss, and illustrate these on the graph. b. Repeat the calculations in part a, but now assume the monopoly is able to practice perfect price discrimination.arrow_forwardThe projects under the 'Build, Build, Build' program: how these projects improve connectivity and ease of doing business in the Philippines?arrow_forwardhow utillity relate to microeconomics ?arrow_forward
- Principles of Economics (12th Edition)EconomicsISBN:9780134078779Author:Karl E. Case, Ray C. Fair, Sharon E. OsterPublisher:PEARSONEngineering Economy (17th Edition)EconomicsISBN:9780134870069Author:William G. Sullivan, Elin M. Wicks, C. Patrick KoellingPublisher:PEARSON
- Principles of Economics (MindTap Course List)EconomicsISBN:9781305585126Author:N. Gregory MankiwPublisher:Cengage LearningManagerial Economics: A Problem Solving ApproachEconomicsISBN:9781337106665Author:Luke M. Froeb, Brian T. McCann, Michael R. Ward, Mike ShorPublisher:Cengage LearningManagerial Economics & Business Strategy (Mcgraw-...EconomicsISBN:9781259290619Author:Michael Baye, Jeff PrincePublisher:McGraw-Hill Education





