List the components of an atom and explain how they are organized. Explain why different atoms are able to form characteristic numbers of chemical bonds.

Question

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Answer 1

Textbook Question

Chapter 2, Problem 1CP

List the components of an atom and explain how they are organized. Explain why different atoms are able to form characteristic numbers of chemical bonds.

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

To review:

Composition and organization of atoms and the bonding of atoms with a specific number of subsidiary atoms.

Introduction:

The smallest particles of matter are known as atoms. The term atom was coined by Democritus (Greek philosopher) in 440 BC. The word atom originated from atoms means indivisible. The notion of indivisibility was adopted by many people until it was broken by J. J. Thomson in 1897 with the discovery of electrons.

Explanation of Solution

Atoms are composed of three subatomic particles called neutrons, protons, and electrons. Neutrons and protons are located inside the nucleus (at the center of an atom). Electrons are present around the nucleus in energy shells called orbitals. Protons bear positive charge and electrons bear negative charge. Neutrons do not contain any charge. The electrons present in the outermost shells participate in the bond formation with adjacent atoms. These electrons present in the outer shell are termed valence electrons. For example, hydrogen and sodium have only one valence electron but oxygen and sulfur have two valence electrons in their outermost shell.

During a chemical reaction, atoms form bonds between themselves by donating, gaining, or sharing of the valence electrons. Ionic bonds are formed by donating or receiving electrons, but sharing of electrons lead to the formation of covalent bonds. Each electron forms only one chemical bond. Since the number of valence electrons are limited and vary according to an element, thus, each atom can formulate only a certain number of chemical bonds. For example, sodium has an excess electron in the outermost shell and chlorine contains seven electrons in the outermost shell. Chlorine and sodium, both try to complete their outermost shell (octet) by donating or gaining electrons. Thus, sodium donates an electron that is received by chlorine to form an ionic bond between these elements.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Students have asked these similar questions

Analyze the effectiveness of the a drug treatment program based on the needs of 18-65 year olds who are in need of treatment by critically describing 4 things in the program is doing effectively and 4 things the program needs some improvement.

I have the first half finished... just need the bottom half.

13. Practice Calculations: 3 colonies were suspended in the following dilution series and then a viable plate count and microscope count was performed. Calculate IDF's, TDF's and then calculate the CFU/mL in each tube by both methods. Finally calculate the cells in 1 colony by both methods. Show all of your calculations in the space provided on the following pages. 3 colonies 56 cells 10 μL 10 μL 100 μL 500 με m OS A B D 5.0 mL 990 με 990 με 900 με 500 μL EN 2 100 με 100 μL 118 colonies 12 colonies

Answer 2

Textbook Question

Chapter 2, Problem 1CP

List the components of an atom and explain how they are organized. Explain why different atoms are able to form characteristic numbers of chemical bonds.

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

To review:

Composition and organization of atoms and the bonding of atoms with a specific number of subsidiary atoms.

Introduction:

The smallest particles of matter are known as atoms. The term atom was coined by Democritus (Greek philosopher) in 440 BC. The word atom originated from atoms means indivisible. The notion of indivisibility was adopted by many people until it was broken by J. J. Thomson in 1897 with the discovery of electrons.

Explanation of Solution

Atoms are composed of three subatomic particles called neutrons, protons, and electrons. Neutrons and protons are located inside the nucleus (at the center of an atom). Electrons are present around the nucleus in energy shells called orbitals. Protons bear positive charge and electrons bear negative charge. Neutrons do not contain any charge. The electrons present in the outermost shells participate in the bond formation with adjacent atoms. These electrons present in the outer shell are termed valence electrons. For example, hydrogen and sodium have only one valence electron but oxygen and sulfur have two valence electrons in their outermost shell.

During a chemical reaction, atoms form bonds between themselves by donating, gaining, or sharing of the valence electrons. Ionic bonds are formed by donating or receiving electrons, but sharing of electrons lead to the formation of covalent bonds. Each electron forms only one chemical bond. Since the number of valence electrons are limited and vary according to an element, thus, each atom can formulate only a certain number of chemical bonds. For example, sodium has an excess electron in the outermost shell and chlorine contains seven electrons in the outermost shell. Chlorine and sodium, both try to complete their outermost shell (octet) by donating or gaining electrons. Thus, sodium donates an electron that is received by chlorine to form an ionic bond between these elements.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 3

Textbook Question

Chapter 2, Problem 1CP

List the components of an atom and explain how they are organized. Explain why different atoms are able to form characteristic numbers of chemical bonds.

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

To review:

Composition and organization of atoms and the bonding of atoms with a specific number of subsidiary atoms.

Introduction:

The smallest particles of matter are known as atoms. The term atom was coined by Democritus (Greek philosopher) in 440 BC. The word atom originated from atoms means indivisible. The notion of indivisibility was adopted by many people until it was broken by J. J. Thomson in 1897 with the discovery of electrons.

Explanation of Solution

Atoms are composed of three subatomic particles called neutrons, protons, and electrons. Neutrons and protons are located inside the nucleus (at the center of an atom). Electrons are present around the nucleus in energy shells called orbitals. Protons bear positive charge and electrons bear negative charge. Neutrons do not contain any charge. The electrons present in the outermost shells participate in the bond formation with adjacent atoms. These electrons present in the outer shell are termed valence electrons. For example, hydrogen and sodium have only one valence electron but oxygen and sulfur have two valence electrons in their outermost shell.

During a chemical reaction, atoms form bonds between themselves by donating, gaining, or sharing of the valence electrons. Ionic bonds are formed by donating or receiving electrons, but sharing of electrons lead to the formation of covalent bonds. Each electron forms only one chemical bond. Since the number of valence electrons are limited and vary according to an element, thus, each atom can formulate only a certain number of chemical bonds. For example, sodium has an excess electron in the outermost shell and chlorine contains seven electrons in the outermost shell. Chlorine and sodium, both try to complete their outermost shell (octet) by donating or gaining electrons. Thus, sodium donates an electron that is received by chlorine to form an ionic bond between these elements.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 4

Textbook Question

Chapter 2, Problem 1CP

List the components of an atom and explain how they are organized. Explain why different atoms are able to form characteristic numbers of chemical bonds.

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

To review:

Composition and organization of atoms and the bonding of atoms with a specific number of subsidiary atoms.

Introduction:

The smallest particles of matter are known as atoms. The term atom was coined by Democritus (Greek philosopher) in 440 BC. The word atom originated from atoms means indivisible. The notion of indivisibility was adopted by many people until it was broken by J. J. Thomson in 1897 with the discovery of electrons.

Explanation of Solution

Atoms are composed of three subatomic particles called neutrons, protons, and electrons. Neutrons and protons are located inside the nucleus (at the center of an atom). Electrons are present around the nucleus in energy shells called orbitals. Protons bear positive charge and electrons bear negative charge. Neutrons do not contain any charge. The electrons present in the outermost shells participate in the bond formation with adjacent atoms. These electrons present in the outer shell are termed valence electrons. For example, hydrogen and sodium have only one valence electron but oxygen and sulfur have two valence electrons in their outermost shell.

During a chemical reaction, atoms form bonds between themselves by donating, gaining, or sharing of the valence electrons. Ionic bonds are formed by donating or receiving electrons, but sharing of electrons lead to the formation of covalent bonds. Each electron forms only one chemical bond. Since the number of valence electrons are limited and vary according to an element, thus, each atom can formulate only a certain number of chemical bonds. For example, sodium has an excess electron in the outermost shell and chlorine contains seven electrons in the outermost shell. Chlorine and sodium, both try to complete their outermost shell (octet) by donating or gaining electrons. Thus, sodium donates an electron that is received by chlorine to form an ionic bond between these elements.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 5

Textbook Question

Answer 6

Textbook Question

Answer 7

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

To review:

Composition and organization of atoms and the bonding of atoms with a specific number of subsidiary atoms.

Introduction:

The smallest particles of matter are known as atoms. The term atom was coined by Democritus (Greek philosopher) in 440 BC. The word atom originated from atoms means indivisible. The notion of indivisibility was adopted by many people until it was broken by J. J. Thomson in 1897 with the discovery of electrons.

Explanation of Solution

Atoms are composed of three subatomic particles called neutrons, protons, and electrons. Neutrons and protons are located inside the nucleus (at the center of an atom). Electrons are present around the nucleus in energy shells called orbitals. Protons bear positive charge and electrons bear negative charge. Neutrons do not contain any charge. The electrons present in the outermost shells participate in the bond formation with adjacent atoms. These electrons present in the outer shell are termed valence electrons. For example, hydrogen and sodium have only one valence electron but oxygen and sulfur have two valence electrons in their outermost shell.

During a chemical reaction, atoms form bonds between themselves by donating, gaining, or sharing of the valence electrons. Ionic bonds are formed by donating or receiving electrons, but sharing of electrons lead to the formation of covalent bonds. Each electron forms only one chemical bond. Since the number of valence electrons are limited and vary according to an element, thus, each atom can formulate only a certain number of chemical bonds. For example, sodium has an excess electron in the outermost shell and chlorine contains seven electrons in the outermost shell. Chlorine and sodium, both try to complete their outermost shell (octet) by donating or gaining electrons. Thus, sodium donates an electron that is received by chlorine to form an ionic bond between these elements.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

To review:

Composition and organization of atoms and the bonding of atoms with a specific number of subsidiary atoms.

Introduction:

The smallest particles of matter are known as atoms. The term atom was coined by Democritus (Greek philosopher) in 440 BC. The word atom originated from atoms means indivisible. The notion of indivisibility was adopted by many people until it was broken by J. J. Thomson in 1897 with the discovery of electrons.

Explanation of Solution

Atoms are composed of three subatomic particles called neutrons, protons, and electrons. Neutrons and protons are located inside the nucleus (at the center of an atom). Electrons are present around the nucleus in energy shells called orbitals. Protons bear positive charge and electrons bear negative charge. Neutrons do not contain any charge. The electrons present in the outermost shells participate in the bond formation with adjacent atoms. These electrons present in the outer shell are termed valence electrons. For example, hydrogen and sodium have only one valence electron but oxygen and sulfur have two valence electrons in their outermost shell.

During a chemical reaction, atoms form bonds between themselves by donating, gaining, or sharing of the valence electrons. Ionic bonds are formed by donating or receiving electrons, but sharing of electrons lead to the formation of covalent bonds. Each electron forms only one chemical bond. Since the number of valence electrons are limited and vary according to an element, thus, each atom can formulate only a certain number of chemical bonds. For example, sodium has an excess electron in the outermost shell and chlorine contains seven electrons in the outermost shell. Chlorine and sodium, both try to complete their outermost shell (octet) by donating or gaining electrons. Thus, sodium donates an electron that is received by chlorine to form an ionic bond between these elements.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Summary Introduction

To review:

Composition and organization of atoms and the bonding of atoms with a specific number of subsidiary atoms.

Introduction:

The smallest particles of matter are known as atoms. The term atom was coined by Democritus (Greek philosopher) in 440 BC. The word atom originated from atoms means indivisible. The notion of indivisibility was adopted by many people until it was broken by J. J. Thomson in 1897 with the discovery of electrons.

Answer 12

Explanation of Solution

Atoms are composed of three subatomic particles called neutrons, protons, and electrons. Neutrons and protons are located inside the nucleus (at the center of an atom). Electrons are present around the nucleus in energy shells called orbitals. Protons bear positive charge and electrons bear negative charge. Neutrons do not contain any charge. The electrons present in the outermost shells participate in the bond formation with adjacent atoms. These electrons present in the outer shell are termed valence electrons. For example, hydrogen and sodium have only one valence electron but oxygen and sulfur have two valence electrons in their outermost shell.

During a chemical reaction, atoms form bonds between themselves by donating, gaining, or sharing of the valence electrons. Ionic bonds are formed by donating or receiving electrons, but sharing of electrons lead to the formation of covalent bonds. Each electron forms only one chemical bond. Since the number of valence electrons are limited and vary according to an element, thus, each atom can formulate only a certain number of chemical bonds. For example, sodium has an excess electron in the outermost shell and chlorine contains seven electrons in the outermost shell. Chlorine and sodium, both try to complete their outermost shell (octet) by donating or gaining electrons. Thus, sodium donates an electron that is received by chlorine to form an ionic bond between these elements.

Answer 13

Ch. 2 - List the components of an atom and explain how...Ch. 2 - Describe the nature of nonpolar and polar covalent...Ch. 2 - Define the terms acidic, basic, acid, and base....Ch. 2 - Using chemical equations, explain how bicarbonate...Ch. 2 - Prob. 4CP Ch. 2 - Describe the structural characteristic of all...Ch. 2 - Describe the characteristics of a lipid, and...Ch. 2 - Explain, in terms of dehydration synthesis and...Ch. 2 - Relate the functions of phospholipids to their...Ch. 2 - Write the general formula for an amino acid, and...

List the components of an atom and explain how they are organized. Explain why different atoms are able to form characteristic numbers of chemical bonds.

Concept explainers

Videos

Explanation of Solution

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Chapter 2 Solutions