Chapter 2, Problem 172E

To determine

To find: The relationship between survival and sex and summary of the output.

Answer to Problem 172E

Solution: There is 0.529 correlation between survival and sex and the conditional distribution of survival and nonsurvival of male and female is provided below:

Sex	Survived	Not survived
Female	0.725	0.274
Male	0.191	0.808

Explanation of Solution

Given: A data regarding the survival and nonsurvival of male and female of TITANIC passenger is provided and this has been categorized with respect of their sex, which is mentioned below in tabular form:

Category	Survived	Not survived	Total
Female	339	128	467
Male	161	681	842
Total	500	809	1309

Calculation: The conditional distribution is obtained by dividing the row or column elements by the sum of that row or column observation. The conditional distribution of both the sex of their survival and nonsurvival is provided below:

Sex	Survived	Not survived	Total
Female	$\frac{339}{467}=0.726$	$\frac{128}{467}=0.274$	1
Male	$\frac{161}{842}=0.191$	$\frac{681}{842}=0.809$	1

The correlation of the sex and the survival can be calculated by using the software SPSS by following steps:

Step 1: Insert the data into the worksheet.

Step 2: Go to Transform $\to$ Recode into same variable $\to$ Select “sex” in Numeric Variables $\to$ click on Old and New Values.

Step 3: In ‘Old Value’ column, write “male” and in ‘New Value’ column write “1”. After this click on ‘Add’, and again go to the ‘Old Value’ column write “female” and in ‘New Value’ column write “2”.

Step 4: Click on the button “Continue” and click OK.

Step 5: Go to Analyze $\to$ Correlate $\to$ Bivariate.

Step 6: Select “Survived” and “Sex” in Variables column.

Step 7: Click OK.

After implementing these steps, the correlation between survived and sex will appear in the output window, which is 0.529.

Interpretation: The Survival and Sex are 52.9% correlated and 72.6% female survived and 19.1% male survived. Also, 27.4% female could not survive and 80.9% male could not survive. Hence, it can be concluded that the survival rate of females in Titanic was more in comparison to the male survival rate.