EBK USING AND UNDERSTANDING MATHEMATICS
EBK USING AND UNDERSTANDING MATHEMATICS
6th Edition
ISBN: 8220100802713
Author: Briggs
Publisher: PEARSON
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Logic and Proofs
Discrete mathematics deals with the separated values of data such as integers. It is widely used in the practical field of computer science and mathematics. By knowing discrete mathematics one can improve their reasoning and problem-solving capabilities.…
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Chapter 1.D, Problem 34E
To determine

Consider the following arguments.

a) If necessary, rephrase the first premise so it has the form all S are P

b) Draw a Venn diagram to determine whether the argument is valid.

c) Discuss the truth of the premises, and state whether the argument is sound.

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Chapter 1 Solutions

EBK USING AND UNDERSTANDING MATHEMATICS

Ch. 1.A - Prob. 1QQCh. 1.A - A fallacy is a. a statement that is untrue. b. a...Ch. 1.A - Which of the following could not qualify as a...Ch. 1.A - An argument in which the conclusion essentially...Ch. 1.A - The fallacy of appeal to ignorance occurs when a....Ch. 1.A - Consider the argument ‘‘I don’t support the...Ch. 1.A - Consider again the argument ‘‘I don’t support the...Ch. 1.A - Prob. 8QQCh. 1.A - Suppose that the fact that an event A occurs...Ch. 1.A - When we speak of a straw man in an argument, we...
Ch. 1.A - What is logic? Briefly explain how logic can be...Ch. 1.A - How do we define an argument? What is the basic...Ch. 1.A - What is a fallacy? Choose three examples of...Ch. 1.A - Prob. 4ECh. 1.A - Prob. 5ECh. 1.A - I persuaded my father that I was right with a...Ch. 1.A - I didn’t believe the premises on which he based...Ch. 1.A - Prob. 8ECh. 1.A - I disagree with your conclusion, so your argument...Ch. 1.A - Even though your argument contains a fallacy, your...Ch. 1.A - Analyzing Fallacies. Consider the following...Ch. 1.A - 11-20: Analyzing Fallacies. Consider the following...Ch. 1.A - Analyzing Fallacies. Consider the following...Ch. 1.A - 11-20: Analyzing Fallacies. Consider the following...Ch. 1.A - Analyzing Fallacies. Consider the following...Ch. 1.A - Prob. 16ECh. 1.A - Analyzing Fallacies. Consider the following...Ch. 1.A - Prob. 18ECh. 1.A - Analyzing Fallacies. Consider the following...Ch. 1.A - Prob. 20ECh. 1.A - Prob. 21ECh. 1.A - Prob. 22ECh. 1.A - Prob. 23ECh. 1.A - Prob. 24ECh. 1.A - Prob. 25ECh. 1.A - Prob. 26ECh. 1.A - Prob. 27ECh. 1.A - Prob. 28ECh. 1.A - Recognizing Fallacies. In the following arguments,...Ch. 1.A - Prob. 30ECh. 1.A - Prob. 31ECh. 1.A - Prob. 32ECh. 1.A - Prob. 33ECh. 1.A - Prob. 34ECh. 1.A - 25-40: Recognizing Fallacies. In the following...Ch. 1.A - Prob. 36ECh. 1.A - Prob. 37ECh. 1.A - Recognizing Fallacies. In the following arguments,...Ch. 1.A - 25-40: Recognizing Fallacies. In the following...Ch. 1.A - Prob. 40ECh. 1.A - Prob. 41ECh. 1.A - Prob. 42ECh. 1.A - Additional Fallacies. Consider the blowing...Ch. 1.A - Additional Fallacies. Consider the blowing...Ch. 1.A - Evaluating Media Information. Choose a current...Ch. 1.A - Snopes. Visit the Snopes.com website and choose...Ch. 1.A - Prob. 47ECh. 1.A - Prob. 48ECh. 1.A - Prob. 49ECh. 1.A - Prob. 50ECh. 1.A - Prob. 51ECh. 1.A - 52. Personal Fallacies. Describe an instance in...Ch. 1.B - The statement Mathematics is fun is a. an...Ch. 1.B - Suppose you know the truth value of a proposition...Ch. 1.B - Which of the following has the form of a...Ch. 1.B - Suppose you want to make a truth table for the...Ch. 1.B - Suppose the statement p or q is true. Then you can...Ch. 1.B - Suppose the statement p is false and the statement...Ch. 1.B - The statement If it’s a dog, then it is a mammal...Ch. 1.B - The statement If the engine is running, then the...Ch. 1.B - Two statements are logically equivalent if a. they...Ch. 1.B - Prob. 10QQCh. 1.B - What is a proposition? Give a few examples, and...Ch. 1.B - What do we mean by the negation of a proposition?...Ch. 1.B - Define conjunction, disjunction, and conditional,...Ch. 1.B - 4. What is the difference between an inclusive or...Ch. 1.B - 5. Make a truth table for each of the following: p...Ch. 1.B - Prob. 6ECh. 1.B - 7. My logical proposition is a question that you...Ch. 1.B - The mayor opposes repealing the ban on handguns,...Ch. 1.B - Prob. 9ECh. 1.B - Prob. 10ECh. 1.B - Prob. 11ECh. 1.B - Prob. 12ECh. 1.B - A proposition? Determine whether the following...Ch. 1.B - A proposition? Determine whether the following...Ch. 1.B - 13-18: A proposition? Determine whether the...Ch. 1.B - A proposition? Determine whether the following...Ch. 1.B - Prob. 17ECh. 1.B - Prob. 18ECh. 1.B - Negation. Write the negation of the given...Ch. 1.B - Negation. Write the negation of the given...Ch. 1.B - Prob. 21ECh. 1.B - Prob. 22ECh. 1.B - Prob. 23ECh. 1.B - Multiple Negations. Explain the meaning of the...Ch. 1.B - Multiple Negations. Explain the meaning of the...Ch. 1.B - Multiple Negations. Explain the meaning of the...Ch. 1.B - Multiple Negations. Explain the meaning of the...Ch. 1.B - Prob. 28ECh. 1.B - Truth Tables. Make a truth table for the given...Ch. 1.B - Prob. 30ECh. 1.B - And Statements. The following propositions have...Ch. 1.B - And Statements. The following propositions have...Ch. 1.B - 31-36: And Statements. The following propositions...Ch. 1.B - Prob. 34ECh. 1.B - Prob. 35ECh. 1.B - Prob. 36ECh. 1.B - Truth Tables. Make a truth table for the given...Ch. 1.B - 37-38: Truth Tables. Make a truth table for the...Ch. 1.B - Prob. 39ECh. 1.B - 39-44: Interpreting or. State whether or is used...Ch. 1.B - Prob. 41ECh. 1.B - Interpreting or. State whether or is used in the...Ch. 1.B - Prob. 43ECh. 1.B - Interpreting or. State whether or is used in the...Ch. 1.B - Truth Table. Make a truth table for the given...Ch. 1.B - Truth Table. Make a truth table for the given...Ch. 1.B - Truth Table. Make a truth table for the given...Ch. 1.B - Truth Table. Make a truth table for the given...Ch. 1.B - Truth Table. Make a truth table for the given...Ch. 1.B - Prob. 50ECh. 1.B - 51-56: Or Statements. The following propositions...Ch. 1.B - Prob. 52ECh. 1.B - Prob. 53ECh. 1.B - Prob. 54ECh. 1.B - Or Statements. The following propositions have the...Ch. 1.B - Prob. 56ECh. 1.B - 57-58: Truth Tables. Make a truth table for the...Ch. 1.B - 57-58: Truth Tables. Make a truth table for the...Ch. 1.B - Prob. 59ECh. 1.B - If…then Statements. Identify the hypothesis and...Ch. 1.B - Prob. 61ECh. 1.B - Prob. 62ECh. 1.B - Prob. 63ECh. 1.B - Prob. 64ECh. 1.B - Prob. 65ECh. 1.B - If…then Statements. Identify the hypothesis and...Ch. 1.B - Prob. 67ECh. 1.B - Prob. 68ECh. 1.B - Prob. 69ECh. 1.B - Rephrasing Conditional Statements. Express the...Ch. 1.B - Prob. 71ECh. 1.B - Prob. 72ECh. 1.B - Prob. 73ECh. 1.B - Converse, Inverse, and Contrapositive. Write the...Ch. 1.B - Converse, Inverse, and Contrapositive. Write the...Ch. 1.B - Prob. 76ECh. 1.B - Prob. 77ECh. 1.B - Converse, Inverse, and Contrapositive. Write the...Ch. 1.B - Prob. 79ECh. 1.B - Prob. 80ECh. 1.B - Prob. 81ECh. 1.B - Prob. 82ECh. 1.B - 83-87: Writing Conditional Propositions. Create...Ch. 1.B - Prob. 84ECh. 1.B - Writing Conditional Propositions. Create your own...Ch. 1.B - 83-87: Writing Conditional Propositions. Create...Ch. 1.B - 83-87: Writing Conditional Propositions. Create...Ch. 1.B - Prob. 88ECh. 1.B - Necessary and Sufficient. Write the following...Ch. 1.B - Prob. 90ECh. 1.B - Prob. 91ECh. 1.B - 89-92: Necessary and Sufficient. Write the...Ch. 1.B - Logical Equivalence. Consider the following pairs...Ch. 1.B - Logical Equivalence. Consider the following pairs...Ch. 1.B - Logical Equivalence. Consider the following pairs...Ch. 1.B - Prob. 96ECh. 1.B - Logical Equivalence. Consider the following pairs...Ch. 1.B - Prob. 98ECh. 1.B - Prob. 99ECh. 1.B - Prob. 100ECh. 1.B - Prob. 101ECh. 1.B - Prob. 102ECh. 1.C - Consider the set {Alabama, Alaska, Arizona,…,...Ch. 1.C - Which of the following is not a member of the set...Ch. 1.C - Based on the Venn diagram below, we conclude that...Ch. 1.C - Suppose that A represents the set of all boys and...Ch. 1.C - Suppose that A represents the set of all apples...Ch. 1.C - Suppose that A represents the set of all high...Ch. 1.C - In the Venn diagram below, the X tells us that a....Ch. 1.C - Prob. 8QQCh. 1.C - Consider again the Venn diagram from Exercise 8....Ch. 1.C - Look at the data in Table 1.1 (p.34). The total...Ch. 1.C - Prob. 1ECh. 1.C - What is a Venn diagram? How do we show that one...Ch. 1.C - List the four standard categorical propositions....Ch. 1.C - Briefly discuss how you can put a categorical...Ch. 1.C - Explain how to draw a Venn diagram for three...Ch. 1.C - 6. Explain how to read a table such as Table 1.1...Ch. 1.C - The payments we make to the electric company are a...Ch. 1.C - All jabbers are wocks, so there must be no wocks...Ch. 1.C - I counted an irrational number of students in my...Ch. 1.C - I surveyed my class to find out whether students...Ch. 1.C - My professor asked me to draw a Venn diagram for a...Ch. 1.C - Prob. 12ECh. 1.C - Prob. 13ECh. 1.C - Prob. 14ECh. 1.C - Prob. 15ECh. 1.C - Prob. 16ECh. 1.C - Prob. 17ECh. 1.C - 13-28: Classifying Numbers. Choose the first set...Ch. 1.C - 13-28: Classifying Numbers. Choose the first set...Ch. 1.C - Prob. 20ECh. 1.C - Prob. 21ECh. 1.C - Prob. 22ECh. 1.C - Prob. 23ECh. 1.C - Prob. 24ECh. 1.C - Prob. 25ECh. 1.C - Prob. 26ECh. 1.C - Prob. 27ECh. 1.C - Classifying Numbers. Choose the first set in the...Ch. 1.C - Prob. 29ECh. 1.C - Prob. 30ECh. 1.C - Prob. 31ECh. 1.C - Prob. 32ECh. 1.C - Prob. 33ECh. 1.C - Prob. 34ECh. 1.C - Prob. 35ECh. 1.C - Prob. 36ECh. 1.C - Prob. 37ECh. 1.C - Prob. 38ECh. 1.C - Venn Diagrams for Two Sets. Draw Venn diagrams...Ch. 1.C - Prob. 40ECh. 1.C - Venn Diagrams for Two Sets. Draw Venn diagrams...Ch. 1.C - Venn Diagrams for Two Sets. Draw Venn diagrams...Ch. 1.C - Prob. 43ECh. 1.C - Prob. 44ECh. 1.C - 45-52: Categorical Propositions. For the given...Ch. 1.C - Categorical Propositions. For the given...Ch. 1.C - Prob. 47ECh. 1.C - Categorical Propositions. For the given...Ch. 1.C - 45-52: Categorical Propositions. For the given...Ch. 1.C - Prob. 50ECh. 1.C - Categorical Propositions. For the given...Ch. 1.C - Prob. 52ECh. 1.C - Prob. 53ECh. 1.C - Prob. 54ECh. 1.C - Prob. 55ECh. 1.C - Prob. 56ECh. 1.C - Prob. 57ECh. 1.C - Prob. 58ECh. 1.C - Prob. 59ECh. 1.C - Two-Circle Venn Diagram with Numbers. Use the Venn...Ch. 1.C - Prob. 61ECh. 1.C - Two-Circle Venn Diagram with Numbers. Use the Venn...Ch. 1.C - Prob. 63ECh. 1.C - Three-Circle Venn Diagram with Numbers. Use the...Ch. 1.C - Three-Circle Venn Diagram with Numbers. Use the...Ch. 1.C - Three-Circle Venn Diagram with Numbers. Use the...Ch. 1.C - Venn Diagram Analysis. 67. Of the 45 theater...Ch. 1.C - Venn Diagram Analysis. 68. All cyclists who...Ch. 1.C - Venn Diagram Analysis. 69. One hundred people who...Ch. 1.C - Prob. 70ECh. 1.C - Prob. 71ECh. 1.C - Prob. 72ECh. 1.C - Prob. 73ECh. 1.C - Prob. 74ECh. 1.C - More Than Three Sets. Draw a Venn diagram that...Ch. 1.C - Prob. 76ECh. 1.C - Prob. 77ECh. 1.C - Prob. 78ECh. 1.C - Prob. 79ECh. 1.C - Prob. 80ECh. 1.C - Prob. 81ECh. 1.C - Prob. 82ECh. 1.C - Prob. 83ECh. 1.C - Prob. 84ECh. 1.C - Prob. 85ECh. 1.C - 86. Categorical Propositions. Find at least three...Ch. 1.C - Prob. 87ECh. 1.C - Prob. 88ECh. 1.C - Prob. 89ECh. 1.C - U.S. Presidents. Collect the following facts about...Ch. 1.D - To prove a statement true, you must use a. an...Ch. 1.D - Prob. 2QQCh. 1.D - Prob. 3QQCh. 1.D - 4. Consider an argument in which Premise 1 is "All...Ch. 1.D - 5. Consider again the argument from question 4....Ch. 1.D - Consider an argument in which Premise 1 is “ If p,...Ch. 1.D - 7. Consider an argument in which Premise 1 is “ If...Ch. 1.D - Prob. 8QQCh. 1.D - 9. The longest side of a right triangle is called...Ch. 1.D - Prob. 10QQCh. 1.D - Summarize the differences between deductive and...Ch. 1.D - Briefly explain the idea of strength and how it...Ch. 1.D - Briefly explain the ideas of validity and...Ch. 1.D - Describe the procedure used to test the validity...Ch. 1.D - Prob. 5ECh. 1.D - What is a chain of conditionals? Give an example...Ch. 1.D - Prob. 7ECh. 1.D - Prob. 8ECh. 1.D - Prob. 9ECh. 1.D - Prob. 10ECh. 1.D - Prob. 11ECh. 1.D - Prob. 12ECh. 1.D - Prob. 13ECh. 1.D - Prob. 14ECh. 1.D - Prob. 15ECh. 1.D - Prob. 16ECh. 1.D - Prob. 17ECh. 1.D - Prob. 18ECh. 1.D - Prob. 19ECh. 1.D - Prob. 20ECh. 1.D - Everyday Logic: Explain whether the following...Ch. 1.D - Prob. 22ECh. 1.D - Prob. 23ECh. 1.D - Prob. 24ECh. 1.D - Analyzing Inductive Arguments. Determine the truth...Ch. 1.D - Prob. 26ECh. 1.D - Prob. 27ECh. 1.D - Prob. 28ECh. 1.D - Prob. 29ECh. 1.D - Analyzing Deductive Arguments. Consider the...Ch. 1.D - Prob. 31ECh. 1.D - Analyzing Deductive Arguments. Consider the...Ch. 1.D - Prob. 33ECh. 1.D - Prob. 34ECh. 1.D - Analyzing Deductive Arguments. Consider the...Ch. 1.D - Prob. 36ECh. 1.D - Prob. 37ECh. 1.D - Prob. 38ECh. 1.D - Prob. 39ECh. 1.D - Prob. 40ECh. 1.D - Prob. 41ECh. 1.D - Deductive Arguments with Conditional Propositions....Ch. 1.D - Prob. 43ECh. 1.D - Prob. 44ECh. 1.D - Prob. 45ECh. 1.D - Prob. 46ECh. 1.D - Prob. 47ECh. 1.D - Prob. 48ECh. 1.D - Prob. 49ECh. 1.D - Prob. 50ECh. 1.D - Testing Mathematical Rules. Test the following...Ch. 1.D - It is true for all positive integers n that...Ch. 1.D - 53-57: Validity and Soundness. State whether it is...Ch. 1.D - 53-57: Validity and Soundness. State whether it is...Ch. 1.D - Prob. 55ECh. 1.D - Prob. 56ECh. 1.D - Validity and Soundness. State whether it is...Ch. 1.D - Prob. 58ECh. 1.D - Prob. 59ECh. 1.D - Prob. 60ECh. 1.D - Prob. 61ECh. 1.D - 62. The Goldbach Conjecture. Recall that a prime...Ch. 1.D - Prob. 63ECh. 1.D - Prob. 64ECh. 1.D - Conditionals in the Literature. Consider the...Ch. 1.D - Prob. 66ECh. 1.D - The Pythagorean Theorem. Learn more about the...Ch. 1.D - Prob. 68ECh. 1.D - 69. Inductive Reasoning in Your Life. Give an...Ch. 1.D - Prob. 70ECh. 1.D - Prob. 71ECh. 1.D - Prob. 72ECh. 1.E - "If you want to save the social services that...Ch. 1.E - 2. Suppose that an argument is deductively valid...Ch. 1.E - 3. You need to buy a car and are considering loans...Ch. 1.E - 4. You get your hair cut at a shop that charges...Ch. 1.E - You buy a cell phone plan that gives you up to...Ch. 1.E - Prob. 6QQCh. 1.E - Prob. 7QQCh. 1.E - Prob. 8QQCh. 1.E - 9. A teacher claims that, because spell checkers...Ch. 1.E - The Smiths have a picnic every Saturday provided t...Ch. 1.E - Describe critical thinking and why it is important...Ch. 1.E - Prob. 2ECh. 1.E - Prob. 3ECh. 1.E - Prob. 4ECh. 1.E - Reed was relieved because his insurance company...Ch. 1.E - 6. Although the plane crashed in Nevada, the...Ch. 1.E - Sue prefers the Red shuttle because it gets her to...Ch. 1.E - Prob. 8ECh. 1.E - There was no price difference, so Michael chose...Ch. 1.E - Prob. 10ECh. 1.E - Prob. 11ECh. 1.E - Prob. 12ECh. 1.E - Prob. 13ECh. 1.E - Prob. 14ECh. 1.E - Prob. 15ECh. 1.E - Prob. 16ECh. 1.E - Prob. 17ECh. 1.E - Prob. 18ECh. 1.E - Prob. 19ECh. 1.E - Prob. 20ECh. 1.E - Prob. 21ECh. 1.E - Prob. 22ECh. 1.E - Interpreting Policies. A city charters sole policy...Ch. 1.E - Reading a Ballot Initiative. Consider the...Ch. 1.E - Hidden Assumptions. Identify at least two hidden...Ch. 1.E - Prob. 26ECh. 1.E - Hidden Assumptions. Identify at least two hidden...Ch. 1.E - Hidden Assumptions. Identify at least two hidden...Ch. 1.E - 29-30: Unstated Issues. The following arguments...Ch. 1.E - Unstated Issues. The following arguments give...Ch. 1.E - IRS Guidelines on Who Must File a Federal Tax...Ch. 1.E - Prob. 32ECh. 1.E - Reading a Lease. Consider the following excerpt...Ch. 1.E - Airline Options. In planning a trip to New Zealand...Ch. 1.E - Buy vs. Lease. You are deciding whether to buy a...Ch. 1.E - You've Won! You receive the following e-mail...Ch. 1.E - Prob. 37ECh. 1.E - Prob. 38ECh. 1.E - Ambiguity in the News. Explain how the direct...Ch. 1.E - Prob. 40ECh. 1.E - Prob. 41ECh. 1.E - Credit Card Agreement. The following rules are...Ch. 1.E - Prob. 43ECh. 1.E - Texas Ethics. In its Guide to Ethics the Texas...Ch. 1.E - Decision Making. Analyze the situations. and...Ch. 1.E - Prob. 46ECh. 1.E - Prob. 47ECh. 1.E - Prob. 48ECh. 1.E - Prob. 49ECh. 1.E - Prob. 50ECh. 1.E - Prob. 51ECh. 1.E - Prob. 52ECh. 1.E - Prob. 53ECh. 1.E - Prob. 54ECh. 1.E - Prob. 55ECh. 1.E - Prob. 56ECh. 1.E - Prob. 57ECh. 1.E - 57-65: Critical Thinking. Consider the following...Ch. 1.E - Prob. 59ECh. 1.E - Prob. 60ECh. 1.E - Prob. 61ECh. 1.E - Prob. 62ECh. 1.E - Prob. 63ECh. 1.E - Prob. 64ECh. 1.E - Prob. 65ECh. 1.E - Prob. 66ECh. 1.E - Interpreting the Second Amendment. Much of the...Ch. 1.E - Prob. 68ECh. 1.E - Prob. 69ECh. 1.E - Prob. 70ECh. 1.E - Prob. 71ECh. 1.E - Prob. 72E
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Logical Arguments - Modus Ponens & Modus Tollens; Author: Dr. Trefor Bazett;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NTSZMdGlo4g;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY