Chapter 19.5, Problem 12CC

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Suitable mechanism should be drawn for the following transformation.

Concept Introduction:

The double headed arrow mark show the reaction is reversible in nature.

Hydronium ion: It’s mainly responsible for the protonation of carbonyl compound.

Hydrolysis: It is the process in which the water molecule break to give one hydronium ion ( $H^{+}$) and one (OH-) compound.

Formation of hemiacetal molecule:

Most of the hemiacetal compound takes three to four steps to form.

At first the carbonyl group gets protonated through hydronium ion i.e. ( ${\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}^{+}$).

Secondly the alcohol group attacks the protonated carbonyl group.

At last the oxonium ion get deprotonated to give the hemiacetal as product.