Chapter 19, Problem 73PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The efficient synthesis of target molecule transformation should be draw and identified for the given starting molecules by using its structures.

Concept introduction:

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.

Condensation reaction:  The several organic reactions that proceeds in a step-wise reaction to produce the addition product. This type of reaction involves the formation of ammonia, ethanol or mineral acids; it is a versatile class of reaction that can occur in acidic or basic conditions or in the presence of catalyst.

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of π-bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

Wittig reaction: This process allows the preparation of an alkene by the reaction of an aldehyde ( $\text{-CHO}$) or ketone ( $\text{-C=O}$) with ylides generated from a phosphonium salt. The geometry of the resulting cis, trans alkene depends on the reactivity of the ylide.

LAH Reduction: The saturated/unsaturated aldehyde and ketones in the presence of sodium metal in LAH and carbonyl compound produced saturated alcohols. The keto group involves in the reduction process of LAH, this end up reducing to give the alcohols.

Halogenation: The addition of halogen atoms to a $\text{π-}$ conjunction system. The several unsaturated organic compounds like, alkenes, alkynes and cyclohexenes that has one double bond is halogenated, the resulting molecules is completely saturated or halogenated.

Markovnikov addition: The addition reaction of parotic acids to a different alkene or alkyne, the hydrogen atom of $\text{H-X}$ becomes bonded to the carbon atom that the greatest number of hydrogen atoms in the starting alkene or alkyne.

Anti-Markovnikov addition: These rules describe the regioselectivity (particular place in functional group) where the substituent is bonded to a less substituted carbon, rather than the more substituted carbon. This placed is quite unusual as carbon cations which are commonly formed during alkene or alkyne reactions tend to favor the more substituted carbon.

Friedel-Crafts alkylation:  This reaction electrophilic aromatic substitutions allows the synthesis of monoacylated $\left(R-CO-C{H}_3\right)$ products from the reaction between arenes and acyl chlorides (or) anhydrides. The obtained products are deactivated and go not undergo a second substitution place.   (or) This type of reaction involves of an aromatic ring with an alkyl halide using strong Lewis acid catalyst $\left(AlC{l}_3\right)$ or anhydrous $FeC{l}_3$ as a catalyst, the alkyl group attaches at the former site of the chlorine atoms.

To identify: The given synthetic route to accomplish the target molecule transformation.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The efficient synthesis of target molecule transformation should be draw and identified for the given starting molecules by using its structures.

Concept introduction:

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.

Condensation reaction:  The several organic reactions that proceeds in a step-wise reaction to produce the addition product. This type of reaction involves the formation of ammonia, ethanol or mineral acids; it is a versatile class of reaction that can occur in acidic or basic conditions or in the presence of catalyst.

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of π-bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

Wittig reaction: This process allows the preparation of an alkene by the reaction of an aldehyde ( $\text{-CHO}$) or ketone ( $\text{-C=O}$) with ylides generated from a phosphonium salt. The geometry of the resulting cis, trans alkene depends on the reactivity of the ylide.

LAH Reduction: The saturated/unsaturated aldehyde and ketones in the presence of sodium metal in LAH and carbonyl compound produced saturated alcohols. The keto group involves in the reduction process of LAH, this end up reducing to give the alcohols.

Halogenation: The addition of halogen atoms to a $\text{π-}$ conjunction system. The several unsaturated organic compounds like, alkenes, alkynes and cyclohexenes that has one double bond is halogenated, the resulting molecules is completely saturated or halogenated.

Markovnikov addition: The addition reaction of parotic acids to a different alkene or alkyne, the hydrogen atom of $\text{H-X}$ becomes bonded to the carbon atom that the greatest number of hydrogen atoms in the starting alkene or alkyne.

Anti-Markovnikov addition: These rules describe the regioselectivity (particular place in functional group) where the substituent is bonded to a less substituted carbon, rather than the more substituted carbon. This placed is quite unusual as carbon cations which are commonly formed during alkene or alkyne reactions tend to favor the more substituted carbon.

Friedel-Crafts alkylation:  This reaction electrophilic aromatic substitutions allows the synthesis of monoacylated $\left(R-CO-C{H}_3\right)$ products from the reaction between arenes and acyl chlorides (or) anhydrides. The obtained products are deactivated and go not undergo a second substitution place.   (or) This type of reaction involves of an aromatic ring with an alkyl halide using strong Lewis acid catalyst $\left(AlC{l}_3\right)$ or anhydrous $FeC{l}_3$ as a catalyst, the alkyl group attaches at the former site of the chlorine atoms.

To identify: The given synthetic route to accomplish the target molecule transformation.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The efficient synthesis of target molecule transformation should be draw and identified for the given starting molecules by using its structures.

Concept introduction:

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.

Condensation reaction:  The several organic reactions that proceeds in a step-wise reaction to produce the addition product. This type of reaction involves the formation of ammonia, ethanol or mineral acids; it is a versatile class of reaction that can occur in acidic or basic conditions or in the presence of catalyst.

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of π-bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

Wittig reaction: This process allows the preparation of an alkene by the reaction of an aldehyde ( $\text{-CHO}$) or ketone ( $\text{-C=O}$) with ylides generated from a phosphonium salt. The geometry of the resulting cis, trans alkene depends on the reactivity of the ylide.

LAH Reduction: The saturated/unsaturated aldehyde and ketones in the presence of sodium metal in LAH and carbonyl compound produced saturated alcohols. The keto group involves in the reduction process of LAH, this end up reducing to give the alcohols.

Halogenation: The addition of halogen atoms to a $\text{π-}$ conjunction system. The several unsaturated organic compounds like, alkenes, alkynes and cyclohexenes that has one double bond is halogenated, the resulting molecules is completely saturated or halogenated.

Markovnikov addition: The addition reaction of parotic acids to a different alkene or alkyne, the hydrogen atom of $\text{H-X}$ becomes bonded to the carbon atom that the greatest number of hydrogen atoms in the starting alkene or alkyne.

Anti-Markovnikov addition: These rules describe the regioselectivity (particular place in functional group) where the substituent is bonded to a less substituted carbon, rather than the more substituted carbon. This placed is quite unusual as carbon cations which are commonly formed during alkene or alkyne reactions tend to favor the more substituted carbon.

Friedel-Crafts alkylation:  This reaction electrophilic aromatic substitutions allows the synthesis of monoacylated $\left(R-CO-C{H}_3\right)$ products from the reaction between arenes and acyl chlorides (or) anhydrides. The obtained products are deactivated and go not undergo a second substitution place.   (or) This type of reaction involves of an aromatic ring with an alkyl halide using strong Lewis acid catalyst $\left(AlC{l}_3\right)$ or anhydrous $FeC{l}_3$ as a catalyst, the alkyl group attaches at the former site of the chlorine atoms.

To identify: The given synthetic route to accomplish the target molecule transformation.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The efficient synthesis of target molecule transformation should be draw and identified for the given starting molecules by using its structures.

Concept introduction:

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.

Condensation reaction:  The several organic reactions that proceeds in a step-wise reaction to produce the addition product. This type of reaction involves the formation of ammonia, ethanol or mineral acids; it is a versatile class of reaction that can occur in acidic or basic conditions or in the presence of catalyst.

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of π-bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

Wittig reaction: This process allows the preparation of an alkene by the reaction of an aldehyde ( $\text{-CHO}$) or ketone ( $\text{-C=O}$) with ylides generated from a phosphonium salt. The geometry of the resulting cis, trans alkene depends on the reactivity of the ylide.

LAH Reduction: The saturated/unsaturated aldehyde and ketones in the presence of sodium metal in LAH and carbonyl compound produced saturated alcohols. The keto group involves in the reduction process of LAH, this end up reducing to give the alcohols.

Halogenation: The addition of halogen atoms to a $\text{π-}$ conjunction system. The several unsaturated organic compounds like, alkenes, alkynes and cyclohexenes that has one double bond is halogenated, the resulting molecules is completely saturated or halogenated.

Markovnikov addition: The addition reaction of parotic acids to a different alkene or alkyne, the hydrogen atom of $\text{H-X}$ becomes bonded to the carbon atom that the greatest number of hydrogen atoms in the starting alkene or alkyne.

Anti-Markovnikov addition: These rules describe the regioselectivity (particular place in functional group) where the substituent is bonded to a less substituted carbon, rather than the more substituted carbon. This placed is quite unusual as carbon cations which are commonly formed during alkene or alkyne reactions tend to favor the more substituted carbon.

Friedel-Crafts alkylation:  This reaction electrophilic aromatic substitutions allows the synthesis of monoacylated $\left(R-CO-C{H}_3\right)$ products from the reaction between arenes and acyl chlorides (or) anhydrides. The obtained products are deactivated and go not undergo a second substitution place.   (or) This type of reaction involves of an aromatic ring with an alkyl halide using strong Lewis acid catalyst $\left(AlC{l}_3\right)$ or anhydrous $FeC{l}_3$ as a catalyst, the alkyl group attaches at the former site of the chlorine atoms.

To identify: The given synthetic route to accomplish the target molecule transformation.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The efficient synthesis of target molecule transformation should be draw and identified for the given starting molecules by using its structures.

Concept introduction:

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.

Condensation reaction:  The several organic reactions that proceeds in a step-wise reaction to produce the addition product. This type of reaction involves the formation of ammonia, ethanol or mineral acids; it is a versatile class of reaction that can occur in acidic or basic conditions or in the presence of catalyst.

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of π-bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

Wittig reaction: This process allows the preparation of an alkene by the reaction of an aldehyde ( $\text{-CHO}$) or ketone ( $\text{-C=O}$) with ylides generated from a phosphonium salt. The geometry of the resulting cis, trans alkene depends on the reactivity of the ylide.

LAH Reduction: The saturated/unsaturated aldehyde and ketones in the presence of sodium metal in LAH and carbonyl compound produced saturated alcohols. The keto group involves in the reduction process of LAH, this end up reducing to give the alcohols.

Halogenation: The addition of halogen atoms to a $\text{π-}$ conjunction system. The several unsaturated organic compounds like, alkenes, alkynes and cyclohexenes that has one double bond is halogenated, the resulting molecules is completely saturated or halogenated.

Markovnikov addition: The addition reaction of parotic acids to a different alkene or alkyne, the hydrogen atom of $\text{H-X}$ becomes bonded to the carbon atom that the greatest number of hydrogen atoms in the starting alkene or alkyne.

Anti-Markovnikov addition: These rules describe the regioselectivity (particular place in functional group) where the substituent is bonded to a less substituted carbon, rather than the more substituted carbon. This placed is quite unusual as carbon cations which are commonly formed during alkene or alkyne reactions tend to favor the more substituted carbon.

Friedel-Crafts alkylation:  This reaction electrophilic aromatic substitutions allows the synthesis of monoacylated $\left(R-CO-C{H}_3\right)$ products from the reaction between arenes and acyl chlorides (or) anhydrides. The obtained products are deactivated and go not undergo a second substitution place.   (or) This type of reaction involves of an aromatic ring with an alkyl halide using strong Lewis acid catalyst $\left(AlC{l}_3\right)$ or anhydrous $FeC{l}_3$ as a catalyst, the alkyl group attaches at the former site of the chlorine atoms.

To identify: The given synthetic route to accomplish the target molecule transformation.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The efficient synthesis of target molecule transformation should be draw and identified for the given starting molecules by using its structures.

Concept introduction:

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.

Condensation reaction:  The several organic reactions that proceeds in a step-wise reaction to produce the addition product. This type of reaction involves the formation of ammonia, ethanol or mineral acids; it is a versatile class of reaction that can occur in acidic or basic conditions or in the presence of catalyst.

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of π-bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

Wittig reaction: This process allows the preparation of an alkene by the reaction of an aldehyde ( $\text{-CHO}$) or ketone ( $\text{-C=O}$) with ylides generated from a phosphonium salt. The geometry of the resulting cis, trans alkene depends on the reactivity of the ylide.

LAH Reduction: The saturated/unsaturated aldehyde and ketones in the presence of sodium metal in LAH and carbonyl compound produced saturated alcohols. The keto group involves in the reduction process of LAH, this end up reducing to give the alcohols.

Halogenation: The addition of halogen atoms to a $\text{π-}$ conjunction system. The several unsaturated organic compounds like, alkenes, alkynes and cyclohexenes that has one double bond is halogenated, the resulting molecules is completely saturated or halogenated.

Markovnikov addition: The addition reaction of parotic acids to a different alkene or alkyne, the hydrogen atom of $\text{H-X}$ becomes bonded to the carbon atom that the greatest number of hydrogen atoms in the starting alkene or alkyne.

Anti-Markovnikov addition: These rules describe the regioselectivity (particular place in functional group) where the substituent is bonded to a less substituted carbon, rather than the more substituted carbon. This placed is quite unusual as carbon cations which are commonly formed during alkene or alkyne reactions tend to favor the more substituted carbon.

Friedel-Crafts alkylation:  This reaction electrophilic aromatic substitutions allows the synthesis of monoacylated $\left(R-CO-C{H}_3\right)$ products from the reaction between arenes and acyl chlorides (or) anhydrides. The obtained products are deactivated and go not undergo a second substitution place.   (or) This type of reaction involves of an aromatic ring with an alkyl halide using strong Lewis acid catalyst $\left(AlC{l}_3\right)$ or anhydrous $FeC{l}_3$ as a catalyst, the alkyl group attaches at the former site of the chlorine atoms.

To identify: The given synthetic route to accomplish the target molecule transformation.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The efficient synthesis of target molecule transformation should be draw and identified for the given starting molecules by using its structures.

Concept introduction:

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.

Condensation reaction:  The several organic reactions that proceeds in a step-wise reaction to produce the addition product. This type of reaction involves the formation of ammonia, ethanol or mineral acids; it is a versatile class of reaction that can occur in acidic or basic conditions or in the presence of catalyst.

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of π-bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

Wittig reaction: This process allows the preparation of an alkene by the reaction of an aldehyde ( $\text{-CHO}$) or ketone ( $\text{-C=O}$) with ylides generated from a phosphonium salt. The geometry of the resulting cis, trans alkene depends on the reactivity of the ylide.

LAH Reduction: The saturated/unsaturated aldehyde and ketones in the presence of sodium metal in LAH and carbonyl compound produced saturated alcohols. The keto group involves in the reduction process of LAH, this end up reducing to give the alcohols.

Halogenation: The addition of halogen atoms to a $\text{π-}$ conjunction system. The several unsaturated organic compounds like, alkenes, alkynes and cyclohexenes that has one double bond is halogenated, the resulting molecules is completely saturated or halogenated.

Markovnikov addition: The addition reaction of parotic acids to a different alkene or alkyne, the hydrogen atom of $\text{H-X}$ becomes bonded to the carbon atom that the greatest number of hydrogen atoms in the starting alkene or alkyne.

Anti-Markovnikov addition: These rules describe the regioselectivity (particular place in functional group) where the substituent is bonded to a less substituted carbon, rather than the more substituted carbon. This placed is quite unusual as carbon cations which are commonly formed during alkene or alkyne reactions tend to favor the more substituted carbon.

Friedel-Crafts alkylation:  This reaction electrophilic aromatic substitutions allows the synthesis of monoacylated $\left(R-CO-C{H}_3\right)$ products from the reaction between arenes and acyl chlorides (or) anhydrides. The obtained products are deactivated and go not undergo a second substitution place.   (or) This type of reaction involves of an aromatic ring with an alkyl halide using strong Lewis acid catalyst $\left(AlC{l}_3\right)$ or anhydrous $FeC{l}_3$ as a catalyst, the alkyl group attaches at the former site of the chlorine atoms.

To identify: The given synthetic route to accomplish the target molecule transformation.

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The efficient synthesis of target molecule transformation should be draw and identified for the given starting molecules by using its structures.

Concept introduction:

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.

Condensation reaction:  The several organic reactions that proceeds in a step-wise reaction to produce the addition product. This type of reaction involves the formation of ammonia, ethanol or mineral acids; it is a versatile class of reaction that can occur in acidic or basic conditions or in the presence of catalyst.

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of π-bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

Wittig reaction: This process allows the preparation of an alkene by the reaction of an aldehyde ( $\text{-CHO}$) or ketone ( $\text{-C=O}$) with ylides generated from a phosphonium salt. The geometry of the resulting cis, trans alkene depends on the reactivity of the ylide.

LAH Reduction: The saturated/unsaturated aldehyde and ketones in the presence of sodium metal in LAH and carbonyl compound produced saturated alcohols. The keto group involves in the reduction process of LAH, this end up reducing to give the alcohols.

Halogenation: The addition of halogen atoms to a $\text{π-}$ conjunction system. The several unsaturated organic compounds like, alkenes, alkynes and cyclohexenes that has one double bond is halogenated, the resulting molecules is completely saturated or halogenated.

Markovnikov addition: The addition reaction of parotic acids to a different alkene or alkyne, the hydrogen atom of $\text{H-X}$ becomes bonded to the carbon atom that the greatest number of hydrogen atoms in the starting alkene or alkyne.

Anti-Markovnikov addition: These rules describe the regioselectivity (particular place in functional group) where the substituent is bonded to a less substituted carbon, rather than the more substituted carbon. This placed is quite unusual as carbon cations which are commonly formed during alkene or alkyne reactions tend to favor the more substituted carbon.

Friedel-Crafts alkylation:  This reaction electrophilic aromatic substitutions allows the synthesis of monoacylated $\left(R-CO-C{H}_3\right)$ products from the reaction between arenes and acyl chlorides (or) anhydrides. The obtained products are deactivated and go not undergo a second substitution place.   (or) This type of reaction involves of an aromatic ring with an alkyl halide using strong Lewis acid catalyst $\left(AlC{l}_3\right)$ or anhydrous $FeC{l}_3$ as a catalyst, the alkyl group attaches at the former site of the chlorine atoms.

To identify: The given synthetic route to accomplish the target molecule transformation.