
Concept explainers
(a)
The atomic numbers of
(a)

Answer to Problem 2SP
The atomic number of
Explanation of Solution
Given info: The decay reaction given in the question is
The elements present in reaction are Thorium, Radium, Actinium, Radon, Polonium, Lead, and Bismuth.
From the periodic table , the atomic number of Thorium is
The atomic number of Radium is
The atomic number of Actinium is
The atomic number of Radon is
The atomic number of Polonium is
The atomic number of Lead is
The atomic number of Bismuth is
Conclusion:
Thus, The atomic number of Thorium(
(b)
The reaction in the series that involved alpha decay and beta decay.
(b)

Answer to Problem 2SP
The reactions that involved alpha decay are
Explanation of Solution
The alpha decay is a decay reaction in which unstable elements decay by emitting alpha particle (nucleus of Helium-4) and beta decay is the decay reaction in which parent nucleus emit an electron or positron to become stable.
Write the symbolic representation of the series reaction.
In an alpha decay the atomic number of parent nucleus decreases by two and mass number of parent nucleus decreases by four.
By checking the change in the atomic number of the nucleus, can be differentiate alpha decay and beta decay.
The reactions that involved alpha decay are therefore,
In beta decay the atomic number of parent nucleus increases or decreases by one depending on the electron or positron emitted during the reaction and there is no change in the mass number.
The reactions that involved beta decay are therefore,
Conclusion:
Thus, the reactions that involved alpha decay are
(c)
The reaction equations for the first three decays in this series.
(c)

Answer to Problem 2SP
The reaction equation for the first three series are,
Explanation of Solution
A reaction equation gives complete idea about the fragments involved in a reaction and is should conserve the neutron number and proton number.
Write the symbolic representation of first three reaction.
Here,
Since the reaction
Write the reaction equation.
Since the reaction
Write the reaction equation.
Since the reaction
Write the reaction equation.
Conclusion:
Thus, the reaction equation for the first three series are,
(d)
The mass numbers for all of the isotopes in the series.
(d)

Answer to Problem 2SP
The mass number of all the isotopes are given in the top of the name in eth following reaction series.
Explanation of Solution
The alpha decay is a decay reaction in which unstable elements decay by emitting alpha particle (nucleus of Helium-4) and beta decay is the decay reaction in which parent nucleus emit an electron or positron to become stable.
In beta decay the atomic number of parent nucleus increases or decreases by one depending on the electron or positron emitted during the reaction and there is no change in the mass number.
By considering above facts write the reaction series including the mass number of each isotopes.
Thus, the mass number of all the isotopes are given in the top of the name in eth following reaction series.
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Chapter 19 Solutions
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