To predict: The genotypes of the A, B, and C plants. Concept introduction: Gregor Johann Mendel (1822–1884) is the “Father of genetics”. He carried out his experiment on Pisum sativum (pea plant). He discovered mainly three laws of heredity. They are “The Law of Dominance”, “The Law of Segregation”, and “The Law of Independent Assortment”. Genes are the DNA sequences that can control a particular trait. Alleles are the different forms of a particular gene, and they can occur in pairs. They can be classified into dominant or recessive and homozygous or heterozygous. Homozygous organism carries two copies of the identical allele, while heterozygous organisms carry two dissimilar alleles in one copy. Genotype is the total genetic composition of an individual, while phenotype is the visible characteristics of a person. Dominant is used to describe a strong gene, while recessive is used to describe a weak gene. Recessive mutations will not activate the gene, and hence it leads to the failure of certain functions. Example: loss-of-function mutations

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 19, Problem 11Q

A.

Summary Introduction

To predict: The genotypes of the A, B, and C plants.

Concept introduction: Gregor Johann Mendel (1822–1884) is the “Father of genetics”. He carried out his experiment on Pisum sativum (pea plant). He discovered mainly three laws of heredity. They are “The Law of Dominance”, “The Law of Segregation”, and “The Law of Independent Assortment”. Genes are the DNA sequences that can control a particular trait. Alleles are the different forms of a particular gene, and they can occur in pairs. They can be classified into dominant or recessive and homozygous or heterozygous. Homozygous organism carries two copies of the identical allele, while heterozygous organisms carry two dissimilar alleles in one copy. Genotype is the total genetic composition of an individual, while phenotype is the visible characteristics of a person. Dominant is used to describe a strong gene, while recessive is used to describe a weak gene. Recessive mutations will not activate the gene, and hence it leads to the failure of certain functions. Example: loss-of-function mutations

B.

Summary Introduction

To conclude: Whether the A, B, and C plants carry a mutation in the same gene.

Concept introduction: Gregor Johann Mendel (1822–1884) is the “Father of genetics”. He carried out his experiment on Pisum sativum (pea plant). He discovered mainly three laws of heredity. They are “The Law of Dominance”, “The Law of Segregation”, and “The Law of Independent Assortment”. Genes are the DNA sequences that can control a particular trait. Alleles are the different forms of a particular gene, and they can occur in pairs. They can be classified into dominant or recessive and homozygous or heterozygous. Homozygous organism carries two copies of the identical allele, while heterozygous organisms carry two dissimilar alleles in one copy. Genotype is the total genetic composition of an individual, while phenotype is the visible characteristics of a person. Dominant is used to describe a strong gene, while recessive is used to describe a weak gene. Recessive mutations will not activate the gene, and hence it leads to the failure of certain functions. Example: loss-of-function mutations

C.

Summary Introduction

To predict: The possibilities to generate wrinkled pea plant when mutation occurs in different genes.

Concept introduction: Gregor Johann Mendel (1822–1884) is the “Father of genetics”. He carried out his experiment on Pisum sativum (pea plant). He discovered mainly three laws of heredity. They are “The Law of Dominance”, “The Law of Segregation”, and “The Law of Independent Assortment”. Genes are the DNA sequences that can control a particular trait. Alleles are the different forms of a particular gene, and they can occur in pairs. They can be classified into dominant or recessive and homozygous or heterozygous. Homozygous organism carries two copies of the identical allele, while heterozygous organisms carry two dissimilar alleles in one copy. Genotype is the total genetic composition of an individual, while phenotype is the visible characteristics of a person. Dominant is used to describe a strong gene, while recessive is used to describe a weak gene. Recessive mutations will not activate the gene, and hence it leads to the failure of certain functions. Example: loss-of-function mutations

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Question #3: In the KeyGene paper, the authors state that it would be useful if pollen from an apomict would transmit apomixis-inducing genes to the female in the cross (assuming the pollen is viable). Assuming there was just one gene conferring gametophytic obligate apomixis, and that the two parents are inbreds, what would be the consequences of such a cross if: a) The apomixis was a dominant trait? Indicate the genotypes and phenotypes (apomict or non- apomict) of the parents, F1 and F2 generations. Remember to include the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios (or percentages) in the F1 and F2 generations, and to position the female first (left side) in the parental cross. b) The apomixis was a recessive trait? Indicate the genotypes and phenotypes (apomict or non- apomict) of the parents, F1 and F2 generations. Remember to include the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios (or percentages) in the F1 and F2 generations, and to position the female first (left side) in the…

Question #5: Assume that two genes are identified that confer gametophytic facultative apomixis in soybean. The genes show independent assortment. Recessive alleles at both loci are required for the facultative apomixis. Facultative apomixis is triggered when the temperature at pollination is above 20 degrees C. At temperatures below 20 degrees C, all reproduction is sexual, independent of genotype. A facultative apomict male, capable of producing viable pollen, was crossed with a sexually reproducing female. Assuming the parents are completely inbred, what are the predicted phenotypic ratios (apomict: non-apomict) for the F1, F2, and DH (F1-derived) generations at each of the following temperatures*: a) 15°C? b) 25°C? *for full credit, show crosses and genotypes where appropriate. Remember to position the female first (left side) in the cross. Type your answer here:

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 19, Problem 11Q

A.

Summary Introduction

To predict: The genotypes of the A, B, and C plants.

Concept introduction: Gregor Johann Mendel (1822–1884) is the “Father of genetics”. He carried out his experiment on Pisum sativum (pea plant). He discovered mainly three laws of heredity. They are “The Law of Dominance”, “The Law of Segregation”, and “The Law of Independent Assortment”. Genes are the DNA sequences that can control a particular trait. Alleles are the different forms of a particular gene, and they can occur in pairs. They can be classified into dominant or recessive and homozygous or heterozygous. Homozygous organism carries two copies of the identical allele, while heterozygous organisms carry two dissimilar alleles in one copy. Genotype is the total genetic composition of an individual, while phenotype is the visible characteristics of a person. Dominant is used to describe a strong gene, while recessive is used to describe a weak gene. Recessive mutations will not activate the gene, and hence it leads to the failure of certain functions. Example: loss-of-function mutations

B.

Summary Introduction

To conclude: Whether the A, B, and C plants carry a mutation in the same gene.

Concept introduction: Gregor Johann Mendel (1822–1884) is the “Father of genetics”. He carried out his experiment on Pisum sativum (pea plant). He discovered mainly three laws of heredity. They are “The Law of Dominance”, “The Law of Segregation”, and “The Law of Independent Assortment”. Genes are the DNA sequences that can control a particular trait. Alleles are the different forms of a particular gene, and they can occur in pairs. They can be classified into dominant or recessive and homozygous or heterozygous. Homozygous organism carries two copies of the identical allele, while heterozygous organisms carry two dissimilar alleles in one copy. Genotype is the total genetic composition of an individual, while phenotype is the visible characteristics of a person. Dominant is used to describe a strong gene, while recessive is used to describe a weak gene. Recessive mutations will not activate the gene, and hence it leads to the failure of certain functions. Example: loss-of-function mutations

C.

Summary Introduction

To predict: The possibilities to generate wrinkled pea plant when mutation occurs in different genes.

Concept introduction: Gregor Johann Mendel (1822–1884) is the “Father of genetics”. He carried out his experiment on Pisum sativum (pea plant). He discovered mainly three laws of heredity. They are “The Law of Dominance”, “The Law of Segregation”, and “The Law of Independent Assortment”. Genes are the DNA sequences that can control a particular trait. Alleles are the different forms of a particular gene, and they can occur in pairs. They can be classified into dominant or recessive and homozygous or heterozygous. Homozygous organism carries two copies of the identical allele, while heterozygous organisms carry two dissimilar alleles in one copy. Genotype is the total genetic composition of an individual, while phenotype is the visible characteristics of a person. Dominant is used to describe a strong gene, while recessive is used to describe a weak gene. Recessive mutations will not activate the gene, and hence it leads to the failure of certain functions. Example: loss-of-function mutations

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 19, Problem 11Q

A.

Summary Introduction

To predict: The genotypes of the A, B, and C plants.

Concept introduction: Gregor Johann Mendel (1822–1884) is the “Father of genetics”. He carried out his experiment on Pisum sativum (pea plant). He discovered mainly three laws of heredity. They are “The Law of Dominance”, “The Law of Segregation”, and “The Law of Independent Assortment”. Genes are the DNA sequences that can control a particular trait. Alleles are the different forms of a particular gene, and they can occur in pairs. They can be classified into dominant or recessive and homozygous or heterozygous. Homozygous organism carries two copies of the identical allele, while heterozygous organisms carry two dissimilar alleles in one copy. Genotype is the total genetic composition of an individual, while phenotype is the visible characteristics of a person. Dominant is used to describe a strong gene, while recessive is used to describe a weak gene. Recessive mutations will not activate the gene, and hence it leads to the failure of certain functions. Example: loss-of-function mutations

B.

Summary Introduction

To conclude: Whether the A, B, and C plants carry a mutation in the same gene.

Concept introduction: Gregor Johann Mendel (1822–1884) is the “Father of genetics”. He carried out his experiment on Pisum sativum (pea plant). He discovered mainly three laws of heredity. They are “The Law of Dominance”, “The Law of Segregation”, and “The Law of Independent Assortment”. Genes are the DNA sequences that can control a particular trait. Alleles are the different forms of a particular gene, and they can occur in pairs. They can be classified into dominant or recessive and homozygous or heterozygous. Homozygous organism carries two copies of the identical allele, while heterozygous organisms carry two dissimilar alleles in one copy. Genotype is the total genetic composition of an individual, while phenotype is the visible characteristics of a person. Dominant is used to describe a strong gene, while recessive is used to describe a weak gene. Recessive mutations will not activate the gene, and hence it leads to the failure of certain functions. Example: loss-of-function mutations

C.

Summary Introduction

To predict: The possibilities to generate wrinkled pea plant when mutation occurs in different genes.

Concept introduction: Gregor Johann Mendel (1822–1884) is the “Father of genetics”. He carried out his experiment on Pisum sativum (pea plant). He discovered mainly three laws of heredity. They are “The Law of Dominance”, “The Law of Segregation”, and “The Law of Independent Assortment”. Genes are the DNA sequences that can control a particular trait. Alleles are the different forms of a particular gene, and they can occur in pairs. They can be classified into dominant or recessive and homozygous or heterozygous. Homozygous organism carries two copies of the identical allele, while heterozygous organisms carry two dissimilar alleles in one copy. Genotype is the total genetic composition of an individual, while phenotype is the visible characteristics of a person. Dominant is used to describe a strong gene, while recessive is used to describe a weak gene. Recessive mutations will not activate the gene, and hence it leads to the failure of certain functions. Example: loss-of-function mutations

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 19, Problem 11Q

A.

Summary Introduction

To predict: The genotypes of the A, B, and C plants.

Concept introduction: Gregor Johann Mendel (1822–1884) is the “Father of genetics”. He carried out his experiment on Pisum sativum (pea plant). He discovered mainly three laws of heredity. They are “The Law of Dominance”, “The Law of Segregation”, and “The Law of Independent Assortment”. Genes are the DNA sequences that can control a particular trait. Alleles are the different forms of a particular gene, and they can occur in pairs. They can be classified into dominant or recessive and homozygous or heterozygous. Homozygous organism carries two copies of the identical allele, while heterozygous organisms carry two dissimilar alleles in one copy. Genotype is the total genetic composition of an individual, while phenotype is the visible characteristics of a person. Dominant is used to describe a strong gene, while recessive is used to describe a weak gene. Recessive mutations will not activate the gene, and hence it leads to the failure of certain functions. Example: loss-of-function mutations

B.

Summary Introduction

To conclude: Whether the A, B, and C plants carry a mutation in the same gene.

Concept introduction: Gregor Johann Mendel (1822–1884) is the “Father of genetics”. He carried out his experiment on Pisum sativum (pea plant). He discovered mainly three laws of heredity. They are “The Law of Dominance”, “The Law of Segregation”, and “The Law of Independent Assortment”. Genes are the DNA sequences that can control a particular trait. Alleles are the different forms of a particular gene, and they can occur in pairs. They can be classified into dominant or recessive and homozygous or heterozygous. Homozygous organism carries two copies of the identical allele, while heterozygous organisms carry two dissimilar alleles in one copy. Genotype is the total genetic composition of an individual, while phenotype is the visible characteristics of a person. Dominant is used to describe a strong gene, while recessive is used to describe a weak gene. Recessive mutations will not activate the gene, and hence it leads to the failure of certain functions. Example: loss-of-function mutations

C.

Summary Introduction

To predict: The possibilities to generate wrinkled pea plant when mutation occurs in different genes.

Concept introduction: Gregor Johann Mendel (1822–1884) is the “Father of genetics”. He carried out his experiment on Pisum sativum (pea plant). He discovered mainly three laws of heredity. They are “The Law of Dominance”, “The Law of Segregation”, and “The Law of Independent Assortment”. Genes are the DNA sequences that can control a particular trait. Alleles are the different forms of a particular gene, and they can occur in pairs. They can be classified into dominant or recessive and homozygous or heterozygous. Homozygous organism carries two copies of the identical allele, while heterozygous organisms carry two dissimilar alleles in one copy. Genotype is the total genetic composition of an individual, while phenotype is the visible characteristics of a person. Dominant is used to describe a strong gene, while recessive is used to describe a weak gene. Recessive mutations will not activate the gene, and hence it leads to the failure of certain functions. Example: loss-of-function mutations

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Answer 5

Chapter 19, Problem 11Q

A.

Summary Introduction

To predict: The genotypes of the A, B, and C plants.

Concept introduction: Gregor Johann Mendel (1822–1884) is the “Father of genetics”. He carried out his experiment on Pisum sativum (pea plant). He discovered mainly three laws of heredity. They are “The Law of Dominance”, “The Law of Segregation”, and “The Law of Independent Assortment”. Genes are the DNA sequences that can control a particular trait. Alleles are the different forms of a particular gene, and they can occur in pairs. They can be classified into dominant or recessive and homozygous or heterozygous. Homozygous organism carries two copies of the identical allele, while heterozygous organisms carry two dissimilar alleles in one copy. Genotype is the total genetic composition of an individual, while phenotype is the visible characteristics of a person. Dominant is used to describe a strong gene, while recessive is used to describe a weak gene. Recessive mutations will not activate the gene, and hence it leads to the failure of certain functions. Example: loss-of-function mutations

B.

Summary Introduction

To conclude: Whether the A, B, and C plants carry a mutation in the same gene.

Concept introduction: Gregor Johann Mendel (1822–1884) is the “Father of genetics”. He carried out his experiment on Pisum sativum (pea plant). He discovered mainly three laws of heredity. They are “The Law of Dominance”, “The Law of Segregation”, and “The Law of Independent Assortment”. Genes are the DNA sequences that can control a particular trait. Alleles are the different forms of a particular gene, and they can occur in pairs. They can be classified into dominant or recessive and homozygous or heterozygous. Homozygous organism carries two copies of the identical allele, while heterozygous organisms carry two dissimilar alleles in one copy. Genotype is the total genetic composition of an individual, while phenotype is the visible characteristics of a person. Dominant is used to describe a strong gene, while recessive is used to describe a weak gene. Recessive mutations will not activate the gene, and hence it leads to the failure of certain functions. Example: loss-of-function mutations

C.

Summary Introduction

To predict: The possibilities to generate wrinkled pea plant when mutation occurs in different genes.

Concept introduction: Gregor Johann Mendel (1822–1884) is the “Father of genetics”. He carried out his experiment on Pisum sativum (pea plant). He discovered mainly three laws of heredity. They are “The Law of Dominance”, “The Law of Segregation”, and “The Law of Independent Assortment”. Genes are the DNA sequences that can control a particular trait. Alleles are the different forms of a particular gene, and they can occur in pairs. They can be classified into dominant or recessive and homozygous or heterozygous. Homozygous organism carries two copies of the identical allele, while heterozygous organisms carry two dissimilar alleles in one copy. Genotype is the total genetic composition of an individual, while phenotype is the visible characteristics of a person. Dominant is used to describe a strong gene, while recessive is used to describe a weak gene. Recessive mutations will not activate the gene, and hence it leads to the failure of certain functions. Example: loss-of-function mutations

Answer 6

Chapter 19, Problem 11Q

A.

Summary Introduction

To predict: The genotypes of the A, B, and C plants.

Concept introduction: Gregor Johann Mendel (1822–1884) is the “Father of genetics”. He carried out his experiment on Pisum sativum (pea plant). He discovered mainly three laws of heredity. They are “The Law of Dominance”, “The Law of Segregation”, and “The Law of Independent Assortment”. Genes are the DNA sequences that can control a particular trait. Alleles are the different forms of a particular gene, and they can occur in pairs. They can be classified into dominant or recessive and homozygous or heterozygous. Homozygous organism carries two copies of the identical allele, while heterozygous organisms carry two dissimilar alleles in one copy. Genotype is the total genetic composition of an individual, while phenotype is the visible characteristics of a person. Dominant is used to describe a strong gene, while recessive is used to describe a weak gene. Recessive mutations will not activate the gene, and hence it leads to the failure of certain functions. Example: loss-of-function mutations

Answer 7

Chapter 19, Problem 11Q

A.

Summary Introduction

To predict: The genotypes of the A, B, and C plants.

Concept introduction: Gregor Johann Mendel (1822–1884) is the “Father of genetics”. He carried out his experiment on Pisum sativum (pea plant). He discovered mainly three laws of heredity. They are “The Law of Dominance”, “The Law of Segregation”, and “The Law of Independent Assortment”. Genes are the DNA sequences that can control a particular trait. Alleles are the different forms of a particular gene, and they can occur in pairs. They can be classified into dominant or recessive and homozygous or heterozygous. Homozygous organism carries two copies of the identical allele, while heterozygous organisms carry two dissimilar alleles in one copy. Genotype is the total genetic composition of an individual, while phenotype is the visible characteristics of a person. Dominant is used to describe a strong gene, while recessive is used to describe a weak gene. Recessive mutations will not activate the gene, and hence it leads to the failure of certain functions. Example: loss-of-function mutations

Answer 8

B.

Summary Introduction

To conclude: Whether the A, B, and C plants carry a mutation in the same gene.

Concept introduction: Gregor Johann Mendel (1822–1884) is the “Father of genetics”. He carried out his experiment on Pisum sativum (pea plant). He discovered mainly three laws of heredity. They are “The Law of Dominance”, “The Law of Segregation”, and “The Law of Independent Assortment”. Genes are the DNA sequences that can control a particular trait. Alleles are the different forms of a particular gene, and they can occur in pairs. They can be classified into dominant or recessive and homozygous or heterozygous. Homozygous organism carries two copies of the identical allele, while heterozygous organisms carry two dissimilar alleles in one copy. Genotype is the total genetic composition of an individual, while phenotype is the visible characteristics of a person. Dominant is used to describe a strong gene, while recessive is used to describe a weak gene. Recessive mutations will not activate the gene, and hence it leads to the failure of certain functions. Example: loss-of-function mutations

Answer 9

B.

Summary Introduction

To conclude: Whether the A, B, and C plants carry a mutation in the same gene.

Concept introduction: Gregor Johann Mendel (1822–1884) is the “Father of genetics”. He carried out his experiment on Pisum sativum (pea plant). He discovered mainly three laws of heredity. They are “The Law of Dominance”, “The Law of Segregation”, and “The Law of Independent Assortment”. Genes are the DNA sequences that can control a particular trait. Alleles are the different forms of a particular gene, and they can occur in pairs. They can be classified into dominant or recessive and homozygous or heterozygous. Homozygous organism carries two copies of the identical allele, while heterozygous organisms carry two dissimilar alleles in one copy. Genotype is the total genetic composition of an individual, while phenotype is the visible characteristics of a person. Dominant is used to describe a strong gene, while recessive is used to describe a weak gene. Recessive mutations will not activate the gene, and hence it leads to the failure of certain functions. Example: loss-of-function mutations

Answer 10

C.

Summary Introduction

To predict: The possibilities to generate wrinkled pea plant when mutation occurs in different genes.

Concept introduction: Gregor Johann Mendel (1822–1884) is the “Father of genetics”. He carried out his experiment on Pisum sativum (pea plant). He discovered mainly three laws of heredity. They are “The Law of Dominance”, “The Law of Segregation”, and “The Law of Independent Assortment”. Genes are the DNA sequences that can control a particular trait. Alleles are the different forms of a particular gene, and they can occur in pairs. They can be classified into dominant or recessive and homozygous or heterozygous. Homozygous organism carries two copies of the identical allele, while heterozygous organisms carry two dissimilar alleles in one copy. Genotype is the total genetic composition of an individual, while phenotype is the visible characteristics of a person. Dominant is used to describe a strong gene, while recessive is used to describe a weak gene. Recessive mutations will not activate the gene, and hence it leads to the failure of certain functions. Example: loss-of-function mutations

Answer 11

C.

Summary Introduction

To predict: The possibilities to generate wrinkled pea plant when mutation occurs in different genes.

Concept introduction: Gregor Johann Mendel (1822–1884) is the “Father of genetics”. He carried out his experiment on Pisum sativum (pea plant). He discovered mainly three laws of heredity. They are “The Law of Dominance”, “The Law of Segregation”, and “The Law of Independent Assortment”. Genes are the DNA sequences that can control a particular trait. Alleles are the different forms of a particular gene, and they can occur in pairs. They can be classified into dominant or recessive and homozygous or heterozygous. Homozygous organism carries two copies of the identical allele, while heterozygous organisms carry two dissimilar alleles in one copy. Genotype is the total genetic composition of an individual, while phenotype is the visible characteristics of a person. Dominant is used to describe a strong gene, while recessive is used to describe a weak gene. Recessive mutations will not activate the gene, and hence it leads to the failure of certain functions. Example: loss-of-function mutations

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 19 - Prob. 1Q Ch. 19 - Prob. 2Q Ch. 19 - Prob. 3Q Ch. 19 - Prob. 4Q Ch. 19 - Prob. 5Q Ch. 19 - Prob. 6Q Ch. 19 - Prob. 7Q Ch. 19 - Prob. 8Q Ch. 19 - Prob. 9Q Ch. 19 - Prob. 10Q

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