For the given set of reactions, the sign of ΔS o have to be determined. Concept introduction: Entropy change: The sign of ΔS o for a reaction is determined by using the following rules: When a molecule is broken down and gives two or more smaller molecules. When the moles of gas is increases (by the breaking of molecules) Solid changes to liquid or gas state or liquid state changes to gas state. To determine: The sign of ΔS o for the given reactions

Question

The table includes macrostates characterized by 4 energy levels (&) that are equally spaced but with different degrees of occupation. a) Calculate the energy of all the macrostates (in joules). See if they all have the same energy and number of particles. b) Calculate the macrostate that is most likely to exist. For this macrostate, show that the population of the levels is consistent with the Boltzmann distribution. macrostate 1 macrostate 2 macrostate 3 ε/k (K) Populations Populations Populations 300 5 3 4 200 7 9 8 100 15 17 16 0 33 31 32 DATO: k = 1,38×10-23 J K-1

Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Substance that constitutes everything in the universe. Matter consists of atoms, which are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Different atoms combine together to give rise to molecules that act as a foundation for all kinds of substances. There are five states of matter based on their energies of attraction: solid, liquid, gases, plasma, and BEC (Bose-Einstein condensates).

Chapter 18.3, Problem 18.2E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given set of reactions, the sign of ΔSo have to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Entropy change:

The sign of ΔSo for a reaction is determined by using the following rules:

When a molecule is broken down and gives two or more smaller molecules.

When the moles of gas is increases (by the breaking of molecules)

Solid changes to liquid or gas state or liquid state changes to gas state.

To determine: The sign of ΔSo for the given reactions

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given set of reactions, the sign of ΔSo have to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Entropy change:

The sign of ΔSo for a reaction is determined by using the following rules:

When a molecule is broken down and gives two or more smaller molecules.

When the moles of gas is increases (by the breaking of molecules)

Solid changes to liquid or gas state or liquid state changes to gas state.

To determine: The sign of ΔSo for the given reactions

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given set of reactions, the sign of ΔSo have to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Entropy change:

The sign of ΔSo for a reaction is determined by using the following rules:

When a molecule is broken down and gives two or more smaller molecules.

When the moles of gas is increases (by the breaking of molecules)

Solid changes to liquid or gas state or liquid state changes to gas state.

To determine: The sign of ΔSo for the given reactions

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given set of reactions, the sign of ΔSo have to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Entropy change:

The sign of ΔSo for a reaction is determined by using the following rules:

When a molecule is broken down and gives two or more smaller molecules.

When the moles of gas is increases (by the breaking of molecules)

Solid changes to liquid or gas state or liquid state changes to gas state.

To determine: The sign of ΔSo for the given reactions

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The table includes macrostates characterized by 4 energy levels (&) that are equally spaced but with different degrees of occupation. a) Calculate the energy of all the macrostates (in joules). See if they all have the same energy and number of particles. b) Calculate the macrostate that is most likely to exist. For this macrostate, show that the population of the levels is consistent with the Boltzmann distribution. macrostate 1 macrostate 2 macrostate 3 ε/k (K) Populations Populations Populations 300 5 3 4 200 7 9 8 100 15 17 16 0 33 31 32 DATO: k = 1,38×10-23 J K-1

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In an experiment, the viscosity of water was measured at different temperatures and the table was constructed from the data obtained. a) Calculate the activation energy of viscous flow (kJ/mol). b) Calculate the viscosity at 30°C. T/°C 0 20 40 60 80 η/cpoise 1,972 1,005 0,656 0,469 0,356

Answer 2

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Definition Definition Substance that constitutes everything in the universe. Matter consists of atoms, which are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Different atoms combine together to give rise to molecules that act as a foundation for all kinds of substances. There are five states of matter based on their energies of attraction: solid, liquid, gases, plasma, and BEC (Bose-Einstein condensates).

Chapter 18.3, Problem 18.2E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given set of reactions, the sign of ΔSo have to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Entropy change:

The sign of ΔSo for a reaction is determined by using the following rules:

When a molecule is broken down and gives two or more smaller molecules.

When the moles of gas is increases (by the breaking of molecules)

Solid changes to liquid or gas state or liquid state changes to gas state.

To determine: The sign of ΔSo for the given reactions

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given set of reactions, the sign of ΔSo have to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Entropy change:

The sign of ΔSo for a reaction is determined by using the following rules:

When a molecule is broken down and gives two or more smaller molecules.

When the moles of gas is increases (by the breaking of molecules)

Solid changes to liquid or gas state or liquid state changes to gas state.

To determine: The sign of ΔSo for the given reactions

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given set of reactions, the sign of ΔSo have to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Entropy change:

The sign of ΔSo for a reaction is determined by using the following rules:

When a molecule is broken down and gives two or more smaller molecules.

When the moles of gas is increases (by the breaking of molecules)

Solid changes to liquid or gas state or liquid state changes to gas state.

To determine: The sign of ΔSo for the given reactions

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given set of reactions, the sign of ΔSo have to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Entropy change:

The sign of ΔSo for a reaction is determined by using the following rules:

When a molecule is broken down and gives two or more smaller molecules.

When the moles of gas is increases (by the breaking of molecules)

Solid changes to liquid or gas state or liquid state changes to gas state.

To determine: The sign of ΔSo for the given reactions

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Substance that constitutes everything in the universe. Matter consists of atoms, which are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Different atoms combine together to give rise to molecules that act as a foundation for all kinds of substances. There are five states of matter based on their energies of attraction: solid, liquid, gases, plasma, and BEC (Bose-Einstein condensates).

Chapter 18.3, Problem 18.2E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given set of reactions, the sign of ΔSo have to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Entropy change:

The sign of ΔSo for a reaction is determined by using the following rules:

When a molecule is broken down and gives two or more smaller molecules.

When the moles of gas is increases (by the breaking of molecules)

Solid changes to liquid or gas state or liquid state changes to gas state.

To determine: The sign of ΔSo for the given reactions

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given set of reactions, the sign of ΔSo have to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Entropy change:

The sign of ΔSo for a reaction is determined by using the following rules:

When a molecule is broken down and gives two or more smaller molecules.

When the moles of gas is increases (by the breaking of molecules)

Solid changes to liquid or gas state or liquid state changes to gas state.

To determine: The sign of ΔSo for the given reactions

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given set of reactions, the sign of ΔSo have to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Entropy change:

The sign of ΔSo for a reaction is determined by using the following rules:

When a molecule is broken down and gives two or more smaller molecules.

When the moles of gas is increases (by the breaking of molecules)

Solid changes to liquid or gas state or liquid state changes to gas state.

To determine: The sign of ΔSo for the given reactions

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given set of reactions, the sign of ΔSo have to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Entropy change:

The sign of ΔSo for a reaction is determined by using the following rules:

When a molecule is broken down and gives two or more smaller molecules.

When the moles of gas is increases (by the breaking of molecules)

Solid changes to liquid or gas state or liquid state changes to gas state.

To determine: The sign of ΔSo for the given reactions

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Substance that constitutes everything in the universe. Matter consists of atoms, which are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Different atoms combine together to give rise to molecules that act as a foundation for all kinds of substances. There are five states of matter based on their energies of attraction: solid, liquid, gases, plasma, and BEC (Bose-Einstein condensates).

Chapter 18.3, Problem 18.2E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given set of reactions, the sign of ΔSo have to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Entropy change:

The sign of ΔSo for a reaction is determined by using the following rules:

When a molecule is broken down and gives two or more smaller molecules.

When the moles of gas is increases (by the breaking of molecules)

Solid changes to liquid or gas state or liquid state changes to gas state.

To determine: The sign of ΔSo for the given reactions

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given set of reactions, the sign of ΔSo have to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Entropy change:

The sign of ΔSo for a reaction is determined by using the following rules:

When a molecule is broken down and gives two or more smaller molecules.

When the moles of gas is increases (by the breaking of molecules)

Solid changes to liquid or gas state or liquid state changes to gas state.

To determine: The sign of ΔSo for the given reactions

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given set of reactions, the sign of ΔSo have to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Entropy change:

The sign of ΔSo for a reaction is determined by using the following rules:

When a molecule is broken down and gives two or more smaller molecules.

When the moles of gas is increases (by the breaking of molecules)

Solid changes to liquid or gas state or liquid state changes to gas state.

To determine: The sign of ΔSo for the given reactions

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given set of reactions, the sign of ΔSo have to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Entropy change:

The sign of ΔSo for a reaction is determined by using the following rules:

When a molecule is broken down and gives two or more smaller molecules.

When the moles of gas is increases (by the breaking of molecules)

Solid changes to liquid or gas state or liquid state changes to gas state.

To determine: The sign of ΔSo for the given reactions

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 5

Chapter 18.3, Problem 18.2E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given set of reactions, the sign of ΔSo have to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Entropy change:

The sign of ΔSo for a reaction is determined by using the following rules:

When a molecule is broken down and gives two or more smaller molecules.

When the moles of gas is increases (by the breaking of molecules)

Solid changes to liquid or gas state or liquid state changes to gas state.

To determine: The sign of ΔSo for the given reactions

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given set of reactions, the sign of ΔSo have to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Entropy change:

The sign of ΔSo for a reaction is determined by using the following rules:

When a molecule is broken down and gives two or more smaller molecules.

When the moles of gas is increases (by the breaking of molecules)

Solid changes to liquid or gas state or liquid state changes to gas state.

To determine: The sign of ΔSo for the given reactions

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given set of reactions, the sign of ΔSo have to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Entropy change:

The sign of ΔSo for a reaction is determined by using the following rules:

When a molecule is broken down and gives two or more smaller molecules.

When the moles of gas is increases (by the breaking of molecules)

Solid changes to liquid or gas state or liquid state changes to gas state.

To determine: The sign of ΔSo for the given reactions

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given set of reactions, the sign of ΔSo have to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Entropy change:

The sign of ΔSo for a reaction is determined by using the following rules:

When a molecule is broken down and gives two or more smaller molecules.

When the moles of gas is increases (by the breaking of molecules)

Solid changes to liquid or gas state or liquid state changes to gas state.

To determine: The sign of ΔSo for the given reactions

Answer 6

Chapter 18.3, Problem 18.2E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given set of reactions, the sign of ΔSo have to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Entropy change:

The sign of ΔSo for a reaction is determined by using the following rules:

When a molecule is broken down and gives two or more smaller molecules.

When the moles of gas is increases (by the breaking of molecules)

Solid changes to liquid or gas state or liquid state changes to gas state.

To determine: The sign of ΔSo for the given reactions

Answer 7

Chapter 18.3, Problem 18.2E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given set of reactions, the sign of ΔSo have to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Entropy change:

The sign of ΔSo for a reaction is determined by using the following rules:

When a molecule is broken down and gives two or more smaller molecules.

When the moles of gas is increases (by the breaking of molecules)

Solid changes to liquid or gas state or liquid state changes to gas state.

To determine: The sign of ΔSo for the given reactions

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given set of reactions, the sign of ΔSo have to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Entropy change:

The sign of ΔSo for a reaction is determined by using the following rules:

When a molecule is broken down and gives two or more smaller molecules.

When the moles of gas is increases (by the breaking of molecules)

Solid changes to liquid or gas state or liquid state changes to gas state.

To determine: The sign of ΔSo for the given reactions

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given set of reactions, the sign of ΔSo have to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Entropy change:

The sign of ΔSo for a reaction is determined by using the following rules:

When a molecule is broken down and gives two or more smaller molecules.

When the moles of gas is increases (by the breaking of molecules)

Solid changes to liquid or gas state or liquid state changes to gas state.

To determine: The sign of ΔSo for the given reactions

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given set of reactions, the sign of ΔSo have to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Entropy change:

The sign of ΔSo for a reaction is determined by using the following rules:

When a molecule is broken down and gives two or more smaller molecules.

When the moles of gas is increases (by the breaking of molecules)

Solid changes to liquid or gas state or liquid state changes to gas state.

To determine: The sign of ΔSo for the given reactions

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given set of reactions, the sign of ΔSo have to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Entropy change:

The sign of ΔSo for a reaction is determined by using the following rules:

When a molecule is broken down and gives two or more smaller molecules.

When the moles of gas is increases (by the breaking of molecules)

Solid changes to liquid or gas state or liquid state changes to gas state.

To determine: The sign of ΔSo for the given reactions

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given set of reactions, the sign of ΔSo have to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Entropy change:

The sign of ΔSo for a reaction is determined by using the following rules:

When a molecule is broken down and gives two or more smaller molecules.

When the moles of gas is increases (by the breaking of molecules)

Solid changes to liquid or gas state or liquid state changes to gas state.

To determine: The sign of ΔSo for the given reactions

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given set of reactions, the sign of ΔSo have to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Entropy change:

The sign of ΔSo for a reaction is determined by using the following rules:

When a molecule is broken down and gives two or more smaller molecules.

When the moles of gas is increases (by the breaking of molecules)

Solid changes to liquid or gas state or liquid state changes to gas state.

To determine: The sign of ΔSo for the given reactions

Answer 14

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Ch. 18.2 - You have a sample of 1.0 mg of solid iodine at...Ch. 18.2 - Liquid ethanol, C2H5OH(l), at 25C has an entropy...Ch. 18.3 - Prob. 18.2E Ch. 18.3 - Prob. 18.3E Ch. 18.4 - Calculate G for the following reaction at 25C. Use...Ch. 18.4 - Prob. 18.5E Ch. 18.4 - Prob. 18.6E Ch. 18.4 - Prob. 18.2CC Ch. 18.6 - Give the expression for K for each of the...Ch. 18.6 - Use the data from Table 18.2 to obtain the...

Solution Summary: The author explains that the sign of STexto for a reaction is determined by using the following rules: When the molecule is broken down and gives two or more smaller molecules, Solid

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