the value of Δ S for the given system is to be identified from the given options. Concept introduction: Spontaneous process indicates the changes of a system without an outside intervention, that means naturally and unaided. In Spontaneous process, energy transfer from higher concentration to lower, or the energy is dispersed. Entropy (S) is the quantity to measure the dispersal of energy in the spontaneous processes. According to second law of thermodynamics , in a spontaneous process, the Δ S is greater than zero. Equation for finding Δ S from q r e v and temperature (K) is, Δ S = q r e v T

Question

In addition to the separation techniques used in this lab (magnetism, evaporation, and filtering), there are other commonly used separation techniques. Some of these techniques are:Distillation – this process is used to separate components that have significantly different boiling points. The solution is heated and the lower boiling point substance is vaporized first. The vapor can be collected and condensed and the component recovered as a pure liquid. If the temperature of the mixture is then raised, the next higher boiling component will come off and be collected. Eventually only non-volatile components will be left in the original solution.Centrifugation – a centrifuge will separate mixtures based on their mass. The mixture is placed in a centrifuge tube which is then spun at a high speed. Heavier components will settle at the bottom of the tube while lighter components will be at the top. This is the technique used to separate red blood cells from blood plasma.Sieving – this is…

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Chapter 18.2, Problem 3RC

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: the value of ΔS for the given system is to be identified from the given options.

Concept introduction:

Spontaneous process indicates the changes of a system without an outside intervention, that means naturally and unaided.

In Spontaneous process, energy transfer from higher concentration to lower, or the energy is dispersed.

Entropy (S) is the quantity to measure the dispersal of energy in the spontaneous processes.

According to second law of thermodynamics, in a spontaneous process, the ΔS is greater than zero.

Equation for finding ΔS from qrev and temperature (K) is,

ΔS=qrevT

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