EXPLORING GEOLOGY W/ CONNECT CARD
EXPLORING GEOLOGY W/ CONNECT CARD
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781265596170
Author: Reynolds
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 18.1, Problem 1BYL
To determine

The source of the organic material in petroleum.

Expert Solution & Answer
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Answer to Problem 1BYL

The organism dwelling deep in the ocean, terrestrial and aquatic plants, and microorganisms including bacteria, algae, and other minute shallow or deep-water dwelling creatures are the sources of the organic material of petroleum.

Explanation of Solution

The petroleum that occurs naturally refers to an organic substance that majorly includes chemically bonded carbon and hydrogen atoms along with minor quantities of other elements (hydrocarbons). There are different sources of organic matter that transforms into hydrocarbons.

The reefs are rich sources of life, which include fish and other marine creatures. Among them, some that are microscopic can construct corals and other structures. The other organisms reside inside the deep cool waters. They add organic materials to the deep-ocean sediment.

Both terrestrial and aquatic plants add organic matter to the sediment. The land plants on burial get transformed into coal and methane gas; however, normally they do not get decomposed into oil.

The large number of diverse microorganisms abundantly found in lakes and seas are good source of petroleum. Such organisms might include bacteria, algae, and other small shallow or deep-water dwelling organisms. They sink to the bottom of the water body after their death and get buried and decomposed into petroleum.

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Activity 12.3: Wave Refraction Pgs 202-203Figure 12.2 is a map view of a headland along a coastline. The water depths are shown by blue contour lines. As you complete the following questions, assume that waves with a wavelength of  60 feet are approaching the shoreline from the bottom left of the figure. 1. At approximately what water depth-10, 20, 30, or 40 feet-will the approaching waves begin to touch bottom and slow down? (Hint: Recall that this occurs when the water depth is one-half the wavelength.) Approximately the 30-foot depth line. 2. Using the wave shown in Figure 12.2 as a starting point, sketch a series of lines to illustrate the wave refraction that will occur as the wave approaches the shore by following these steps:Step 1: Mark the position on the 30-foot contour line where the wave front will first touch bottom.Step 2: Knowing that the section of the wave that touches bottom will slow down first, sketch the shape of the wave front when it reaches the 20-foot contour…
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