Chapter 18, Problem 43E

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Each of the given compound is to be named.

Concept introduction:

Alkanes are the series of saturated hydrocarbons in which carbon atoms are linked by single covalent bonds.

The naming of the organic compounds is done by International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC).

In IUPAC system, the base name of alkane consists of a prefix and an ending –ane.

The prefix is known by the number of carbon atoms present in the base chain. The base chain is the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms.

The groups of carbon atoms that are present as a substituent of the base chain are termed as alkyl groups like methyl $\left(-C{H}_3\right)$, ethyl $\left(-C{H}_{2}C{H}_3\right)$, propyl $\left(-C{H}_{2}C{H}_{2}C{H}_3\right)$, etc.

The prefixes for the base names of alkane chains are listed as:

Number of carbon atoms	Prefix name
1	meth-
2	eh-
3	prop-
4	but-
5	pent-
6	hex-
7	hept-
8	oct-
9	non-
10	dec-