Concept explainers
Evolution is based on which of the following concepts? (a) organisms share a common origin (b) over time, organisms have diverged from a common ancestor (c) an animal’s body parts can change over its lifetime, and these acquired changes are passed to the next generation (d) a and b (e) a, b, and c
Introduction: Evolution is a process that has been occurred since the origin of life. Species have evolved themselves according to their needs with their changing environment. To explain these changes taking place in different species of plants and animals, different theories have been put forward from time to time. The most accepted theory in modern science is that of Charles Darwin.
Answer to Problem 1TYU
Correct answer: During evolution, organisms have emerged from some common ancestors and with the course of time, due to many factors, have diverged from each other to form new species. Hence, the correct answer is option (d).
Explanation of Solution
Reason for the correct answer:
Evolution is a process of continuous improvement in a population according to their need in their natural habitats. Studies have shown genetic similarities between distant living species indicating that their genome has some common origin. Molecular studies have shown ancestral similarities in different species.
Option (d) is given as, “a and b”
Different species have emerged from one or a few common origins and with changing natural environment, have diverged themselves from the ancestral species to form completely new species. Hence, the correct answer is option (d).
Reasons for incorrect answers:
Option (a) is given as, “organisms share a common origin”.
Different species share common origin during the course of evolution, but many other factors also play a major role in evolution to take place. Hence, option (a) is incorrect.
Option (b) is given as, “over time, organisms have diverged from a common ancestor”.
Organisms evolving from common ancestors have adapted according to their changing environment. Along with common ancestry, other factors have also played crucial role for evolution to take place. Hence, option (b) is incorrect.
Option (c) is given as, “an animal’s body parts can change over its lifetime, and these acquired changes are passed on to the next generation”.
During the evolutionary course, body parts of animals do not change, but the organism adapts itself according to its environment and it does not transfer to next generation until there is change in gametes. Hence, option (c) is incorrect.
Option (e) is given as, “a, b, and, c”.
Evolution is not caused by a change in body parts of an organism. Hence, option (e) is incorrect.
Hence, the options (a), (b), (c), and (e) are incorrect.
During evolution, organisms have originated from some common ancestors and with the course of time, due to many factors, have diverged from common ancestor to form new species.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 18 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
- DNA (a) is produced during cellular respiration (b) functions mainly to transmit information from one species to another (c) cannot be changed (d) is a good example of a biological system (e) makes up the genesarrow_forwardAll of the following are common or recurrent themes in biology except A) Organisms grow, develop, and reproduce B) Function determines structure C) Matter is recycled while energy flows through living systems D) Living organisms maintain homeostasis E) Evolutionary processes explain both the unity and adaptive diversity of life.arrow_forwardWith regard to biological evolution, which of the following statements is incorrect? Explain why.A. During its lifetime, an animal evolves to become better adaptedto its environment.B. The process of biological evolution has produced species thatare better adapted to their environments.C. When an animal is better adapted to its environment, the process of natural selection makes it more likely that the animalwill reproduce.arrow_forward
- Traits that are specialized to a particular lineage, and not widely shared among remotely related lineages, are called (a)ancestral (primitive) (b)derived (modified) (c) non adaptivearrow_forwardUsing examples, explain how FIVE of the following support the modern theory of evolution. (i) homologous structures (ii) analogous structures (iii) vestigal structures (iv) fossil record (v) biogeography (vi) embryology (vii) molecular biologyarrow_forwardThe first single-celled organisms on Earth probably evolved (a) 3,700 years ago (b) 3.7 million years ago (c) 3.7 billion years ago (d) We have no idea when the first life on Earth appeared.arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements about convergent evolution is true? (a) It demonstrates how similar environments can lead to different physical structures. (b) It demonstrates how similar environments can lead to the same physical structures. (c) It demonstrates that similarity of structures is due to descent from a common ancestor. (d) It demonstrates that similarity of structures is due to random chance.arrow_forwardWhat is a Homology? A) When an anatomic feature is shared among organisms and their descendants B) When two organisms appear the same C) When convergent evolution produces similar phenotypesarrow_forwardCharles Darwin proposed that evolution could be explained by the differential reproductive success of organisms that resulted from their naturally occurring variation. Darwin called this process (a) coevolution (b) convergent evolution(c) natural selection (d) artificial selection (e) homoplasyarrow_forward
- Darwin emphasized that evolution via natural selection leads only to a) progress as defined by increasing heterogeneity. b) higher and lower forms within the same species of organism. c) the establishment of some societies that are more civilized than others. d) increasing adaptation between organisms and their given environment.arrow_forwardTraits that are inherited and improve an individual’s ability to survive and reproduce are called traits. (a) adaptive (b) polymorphic (c) biological (d) sympatric (e) allopatricarrow_forwardAs people use more of an antibiotic, the number of bacteria that are resistant to that antibiotic increase. Which statement describes a mechanism behind this trend? (A.) People’s bodies become more resistant to antibiotics after exposure to them (B.) Antibiotic molecules get weaker over time due to natural selection (C.) The antibiotic kills sensitive bacteria, and any bacteria resistant to it multiply to take their place (D.) Bacteria take up antibiotics and integrate them into their own DNAarrow_forward
- Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage Learning