
Concept explainers
To enlist: The levels of ecological study in order from the least to the most comprehensive that are community ecology, ecosystem ecology, organismal ecology and
Introduction: To study the interactions of organisms with their environment ecology has been divided into variuos comprehension levels. The ecological study contains comprehension levels that are organismial ecology, population ecology, community ecology, and ecosystem ecology. An organism can be define as an individual living thing

Explanation of Solution
The levels of ecological study from the least to the most comprehensive are as follows:
- Organismal ecology: In the organisimal ecology, is the evolutionary adaptations that causes the organsisms to face the challenges that is acted by abiotic factors.
- Population ecology: In the population ecology a group of organism from the same species inhabit in a particular region or area.
- Community ecology: Community can be define as the assembly of populations of various species. The organization and structure of a community affected the interaction of species with each other by predation and competition.
- Ecosystem ecology: All the abiotic factors along with community of species consisted in the ecosystem ecology. It involves the energy flow and the chemical cycles for the biotic and abiotic factors.
The eclological study has been divided into different comprehension levels to study the interactions of organisms with their environment.
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Chapter 18 Solutions
Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology (5th Edition)
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