LooseLeaf for Integrated Principles of Zoology
17th Edition
ISBN: 9781259562310
Author: Cleveland P Hickman Jr. Emeritus, Susan L. Keen, Allan Larson, David J Eisenhour Professor PhD, Helen I'Anson Associate Professor of Biology, Larry S Roberts
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 18, Problem 1RQ
What is a cuticle?
Expert Solution & Answer
Summary Introduction
To explain: The cuticle.
Introduction: Ecdysozoans are a group of protostome animals that include nematodes, arthropods, and numerous smaller phyla. They have a notable characteristic in which they possess a three-layered cuticle that is molted periodically as the animal grows.
Explanation of Solution
A tough, non-cellular, outer body layer of protostomes is called the cuticle. It is a non-living external layer secreted by the epidermis of many of the protostomes such as roundworms, annelids, and arthropods. The hardened or stiffened cuticle restricts the growth of the protostomes and in such cases, as the body size increases, the cuticle is molted and the outer layer is shed through the process of ecdysis.
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A sample of blood was taken from the above individual and prepared for haemoglobin analysis. However, when water was added the cells did not lyse and looked normal in size and shape. The technician suspected that they had may have made an error in the protocol – what is the most likely explanation?
The cell membranes are more resistant than normal.
An isotonic solution had been added instead of water.
A solution of 0.1 M NaCl had been added instead of water.
Not enough water had been added to the red blood cell pellet.
The man had sickle-cell anaemia.
With reference to their absorption spectra of the oxy haemoglobin intact line) and deoxyhemoglobin (broken line) shown in Figure 2 below, how would you best explain the reason why there are differences in the major peaks of the spectra? Figure 2. SPECTRA OF OXYGENATED AND DEOXYGENATED HAEMOGLOBIN OBTAINED WITH THE RECORDING SPECTROPHOTOMETER 1.4 Abs < 0.8 06 0.4 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 540 560 580 600 nm 1. The difference in the spectra is due to a pH change in the deoxy-haemoglobin due to uptake of CO2- 2. There is more oxygen-carrying plasma in the oxy-haemoglobin sample. 3. The change in Mr due to oxygen binding causes the oxy haemoglobin to have a higher absorbance peak. 4. Oxy-haemoglobin is contaminated by carbaminohemoglobin, and therefore has a higher absorbance peak 5. Oxy-haemoglobin absorbs more light of blue wavelengths and less of red wavelengths than deoxy-haemoglobin
Chapter 18 Solutions
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