EBK ESSENTIALS OF GEOLOGY
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780321957887
Author: Tasa
Publisher: VST
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Question
Chapter 18, Problem 1GST
To determine
The sequence of formation of features present in the accompanying image showing metamorphic rock gneiss, a basaltic dike and a fault with logic.
Expert Solution & Answer
Answer to Problem 1GST
The sequence of formation of features present in the image from older to younger is Gneiss, dike, fault. Gneiss must have formed before the intrusive dike, in order for it to cut through gniess. Because the fault offsets the dike, the fault occurred after the intrusion of dike. This is an application of the principle of cross-cutting relationships.
Explanation of Solution
“Principle of cross-cutting relationships states that the geological feature which cuts across strata is always younger than the one it cuts through it” A fault is a break or fracture in the rock, along which the displacement occurs.
According to the principle of cross-cutting relationship, the igneous dike is younger and formed after the metamorphic rock Gneiss that cuts through it. Gneiss is a high grade foliated metamorphic rock and must have formed before the dike, otherwise the dike would have been metamorphosed too. The fault has split and separated the dike, hence the igneous dike must have formed before the fault occurred.
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Ap
Retreating
glacier
Bedrock
Till
Stratified
drift
▲ Figure 9.7 This diagram showing common depositional landforms depicts a hypothetical area affected by ice
sheets in the recent geologic past. (Drumlin photo courtesy of Ward's Natural Science Establishment; esker photo by Richard P. Jacobs/
JLM Visuals; kame photo by John Dankwardt; kettle lake photo by Carlyn Iverson/Science Source)
Figure 9.9 is a stereogram showing a portion of the area covered by the Whitewater, Wisconsin, topographic map (Figure 9.10, page 160). Use the stereogram and the map to complete the following.
7. The streamlined, asymmetrical hills composed of till, labeled B, are what type of feature?
8. Examine the shape of the features labeled B on the map in Figure 9.10. How can these features be used to determine the direction of ice flow in a glaciated area?
9. Using the features labeled B in Figure 9.10 as a guide, draw an arrow on the map to indicate the direction of ice movement that occurred in this region.
10. What is the likely location of the outwash plain on the map? Identify and label the area "outwash plain." (Hint: Refer to Figure 9.7.)
11. Label the area covered by ground moraine.
12. What term is applied to the numerous almost circular depressions designated with the letter C?
Chapter 18 Solutions
EBK ESSENTIALS OF GEOLOGY
Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 18.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 18.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 18.1 - Prob. 4CCCh. 18.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 18.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 18.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 18.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 18.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 18.3 - Prob. 3CC
Ch. 18.3 - Prob. 4CCCh. 18.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 18.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 18.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 18.4 - Prob. 4CCCh. 18.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 18.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 18.5 - Prob. 3CCCh. 18.5 - Prob. 4CCCh. 18.6 - Prob. 1CCCh. 18.6 - Prob. 2CCCh. 18 - Prob. 1GSTCh. 18 - Prob. 2GSTCh. 18 - Prob. 3GSTCh. 18 - Prob. 4GSTCh. 18 - Prob. 5GSTCh. 18 - Prob. 6GSTCh. 18 - Prob. 7GSTCh. 18 - Prob. 8GSTCh. 18 - Prob. 9GSTCh. 18 - Prob. 10GST
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