Concept explainers
The term in the first law of thermodynamics which is involved in raising the temperature of the water in a jar by violently shaking the jar.
Answer to Problem 1FTD
Explanation of Solution
The first law of thermodynamics states that the change in internal energy of a system depends on the net
The law implies that there are two ways to vary the temperature and hence the internal energy of a system. They are either by transfer of heat or by work. The transfer of heat requires a temperature difference.
In shaking the jar, there is no temperature difference involved and hence heat is not involved in the process. Shaking the jar vigorously is doing mechanical work.
Conclusion:
Thus the term in the first law of thermodynamics which is involved in raising the temperature of the water in a jar by violently shaking the jar is
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 18 Solutions
EBK ESSENTIAL UNIVERSITY PHYSICS, VOLUM
- When a gas undergoes an adiabatic expansion, which of the following statements is true? (a) The temperature of the gas does not change. (b) No work is done by the gas. (c) No energy is transferred to the gas by heat. (d) The internal energy of the gas does not change. (e) The pressure increases.arrow_forwardA certain ideal gas has a molar specific heat of Cv = 72R. A 2.00-mol sample of the gas always starts at pressure 1.00 105 Pa and temperature 300 K. For each of the following processes, determine (a) the final pressure, (b) the final volume, (c) the final temperature, (d) the change in internal energy of the gas, (e) the energy added to the gas by heat, and (f) the work done on the gas. (i) The gas is heated at constant pressure to 400 K. (ii) The gas is heated at constant volume to 400 K. (iii) The gas is compressed at constant temperature to 1.20 105 Pa. (iv) The gas is compressed adiabatically to 1.20 105 Pa.arrow_forwardDuring the power stroke in a four-stroke automobile engine, the piston is forced down as the mixture of combustion products and air undergoes an adiabatic expansion. Assume (1) the engine is running at 2 500 cycles/min; (2) the gauge pressure immediately before the expansion is 20.0 atm; (3) the volumes of the mixture immediately before and after the expansion are 50.0 cm3 and 400 cm3, respectively (Fig. P21.31); (4) the time interval for the expansion is one-fourth that of the total cycle; and (5) the mixture behaves like an ideal gas with specific heat ratio 1.40. Find the average power generated during the power stroke.arrow_forward
- In the first law of thermodynamics (AU=Q+W), the variables Q and W stand forarrow_forwardThe second principle of thermodynamics implies that (a) thermal energy cannot be entirely converted into non-thermal forms of energy. (b) in every physical process, the total amount of energy must remain unchanged. (c) non-thermal forms of energy cannot be entirely converted into thermal forms of energy. (d) in physical process in which heat is produced, the total amount of energy is reduced by an amount equal to amount of heat produced. (e) from the microscopic point of view, thermal energy is just kinetic energy of individual atoms and molecules.arrow_forwardAccording to the Second Law of Thermodynamics, heat will naturally flow from areas of high pressure to low pressure. true or falsearrow_forward
- 17. The first law of thermodynamics for an ideal gas may be stated in the form AU = AQ + AW Which of the following is the most correct statement about the equation? AQ = -AWwhen the temperature increases slightly. AU = 0 when no heat enters or leaves the system. C AW is the work done by the gas AU = 0 when the heat is supplied at D constant temperaturearrow_forwardA heat pump that is used to heat a house has a COP of 2.5. That is, the heat pump delivers 2.5 kWh of energy to the house for each 1 kWh of electricity it consumes. Is this a violation of the first law of thermodynamics? Explain.arrow_forwardA heat pump is a device that absorbs energy from the cold outdoor air and transfers it to the warmer indoors. Is this a violation of the second law of thermodynamics? Explain.arrow_forward
- In Physics, the basic concepts of thermodynamics are often taught with two phrases: First, you can never win. Second, you can never break even. Explain.arrow_forwardIs it a violation of the second law of thermodynamics to convert mechanical energy completely into heat? To convert heat completely into work? Explain your answers.arrow_forward(h) Figure Ql.(h) below shows the emission of steam from a kettle causing a pinwheel to turn. Which of the laws of thermodynamics best explains this phenomenon? Justify your answer. Figure Q1.(h)arrow_forward
- Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations...PhysicsISBN:9781133939146Author:Katz, Debora M.Publisher:Cengage LearningPrinciples of Physics: A Calculus-Based TextPhysicsISBN:9781133104261Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage LearningPhysics for Scientists and EngineersPhysicsISBN:9781337553278Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern ...PhysicsISBN:9781337553292Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage LearningPhysics for Scientists and Engineers, Technology ...PhysicsISBN:9781305116399Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage Learning