Chapter 18, Problem 1E

Summary Introduction

To match: The type of memory with its definition.

Answer to Problem 1E

Correct answer:

1. Long-term memory	b. Stores information on a relatively permanent basis
2. Short-term memory	a. Holds information 15 to 25 seconds
3. Sensory memory	c. Direct representation of a stimulus

Explanation of Solution

1. Long-term memory- b. Stores information on a relatively permanent basis

Long-term memory is a type of memory that is stored on a permanent basis and can be retrieved whenever required. There are two types of long-term memory, namely declarative memory and procedural memory. Declarative memory is a long-term memory that stores factual information such as faces, names, facts, and dates. This type of memory can be verbally communicated to others. In contrast to the declarative memory, procedural memory is the long-term memory of skills and habits.

2. Short-term memory- a. Holds information 15 to 25 seconds

Short-term memory is the memory that can be stored briefly in the sensory memories. The information can be accessed and processed immediately but they will not last very long. Many of the information in short-term memory will lost after 15 to 25 seconds unless the information gets transferred to the long-term memory.

3. Sensory memory- c. Direct representation of a stimulus

Sensory memory is short-term memory and degrades quickly. The sensory systems constantly receive and process ample information throughout the day. It allows the brain to make rapid reactions and decisions. The memory includes working memory by visual images, scenes, or hearing sound echoes. The sensory memory for visual stimulus is iconic memory and is responsible for hanging on to virtual images such as observing colors, shapes, and sizes. The sensory memory for auditory stimulus is echoic memory and includes short-term memory of sounds like that of hearing an echo and tone.