Chapter 18, Problem 1CCS

(1)

Summary Introduction

To determine:

What type of hypersensitivity is Steven undergoing, and counter acting medication to relieve from itching and mechanism causing the sign and symptoms due to bee sting, how to avoid future health risk and also from bee sting, and the methods to recognize a severe reaction and precautions taken by the family to avoid this reactions.

Case summary:

In the given scenario, an eight-year old boy Steven is stung by bee and has a half a dollar-sized puffy and itching abrasion on his left upper arm. The boy had no history of allergies or bee stung and does not take regular medication. On examination, his lungs are clear, and he had normal temperature.

Explanation of Solution

Based on the itchiness and puffy redness, Steven had been diagnosed with type IV hypersensitivity.

(2)

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The counter medication to relieve from itching.

Case summary:

In the given scenario, an eight-year old boy Steven is stung by bee and has a half a dollar-sized puffy and itching abrasion on his left upper arm. The boy had no history of allergies or bee stung and does not take regular medication. On examination, his lungs are clear, and he had normal temperature.

Explanation of Solution

Since it is a type IV hypersensitive reaction, the T cells are involved in eliminating the bee venom. The killing of the immune T cell will eradicate the itching; the drugs like gluococortics and lymphocyte-depleting drugs are helpful in T-cell elimination.

(3)

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The mechanisms of action that causes signs and symptoms.

Case summary:

In the given scenario, an eight-year old boy Steven is stung by bee and has a half a dollar-sized puffy and itching abrasion on his left upper arm. The boy had no history of allergies or bee stung and does not take regular medication. On examination, his lungs are clear, and he had normal temperature.

Explanation of Solution

Since it is a type IV hypersensitive reaction, the T cells are involved in eliminating the bee venom. This action involves in the release of mast cell, which acts as a counter action against the bee venom. This results in vasodilatation of the blood vessels, and the action of the vasodilatation involves in swelling in the affected area.

(4)

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The future awareness by father to avoid the hypersensitivity.

Case summary:

In the given scenario, an eight-year old boy Steven is stung by bee and has a half a dollar-sized puffy and itching abrasion on his left upper arm. The boy had no history of allergies or bee stung and does not take regular medication. On examination, his lungs are clear, and he had normal temperature.

Explanation of Solution

It is best to keep the boy away from the area of bees and also to carry the gluococortics and lymphocyte-depleting drugs.

(5)

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The future risk to avoid bee stung.

Case summary:

In the given scenario, an eight-year old boy Steven is stung by bee and has a half a dollar-sized puffy and itching abrasion on his left upper arm. The boy had no history of allergies or bee stung and does not take regular medication. On examination, his lungs are clear, and he had normal temperature.

Explanation of Solution

The boy must know the risk of bee stung and should stay away from the bees. Moreover, protective clothing, such as full hand sleeves, and carrying gluococortics and lymphocyte-depleting drugs will reduce health risks in the future.

(6)

Summary Introduction

To determine:

How to recognize the severe allergic reaction.

Case summary:

In the given scenario, an eight-year old boy Steven is stung by bee and has a half a dollar-sized puffy and itching abrasion on his left upper arm. The boy had no history of allergies or bee stung and does not take regular medication. On examination, his lungs are clear, and he had normal temperature.

Explanation of Solution

The severe allergic reaction will result in shortness of breath and swelling of infected area, for example face. The infected area will become more itchy, painful, and swollen.

(7)

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The precautions taken by the boy’s family to avoid the risk of future allergies.

Case summary:

In the given scenario, an eight-year old boy Steven is stung by bee and has a half a dollar-sized puffy and itching abrasion on his left upper arm. The boy had no history of allergies or bee stung and does not take regular medication. On examination, his lungs are clear, and he had normal temperature.

Explanation of Solution

It is best to keep the boy away from the area of bees. The boy must know the risk of bee stung and should stay away from them. Moreover, protective clothing like full hand sleeves and also to carrying gluococortics and lymphocyte-depleting drugs will protect him from health risks in the future.