Chapter 18, Problem 18.90QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The half-cell reactions and overall reactions for the given electrolysis has to be found and the purpose of adding $\text{KF}$ to the reaction mixture also has to be explained.  The amount of fluorine gas produced at the end of electrolysis has to be calculated.

Concept Introduction:

The amount of electrical charge that is passing through a circuit depends upon the amount and time of the flow of current.  The electrical charge is measured in Coulomb.

$\text{Q=}\frac{\text{I}}{\text{t}}$

Where,

$\text{Q}$ is the charge in Coulomb

$\text{I}$ is the current in Ampere

$\text{t}$ is the time in second

Faradays First law of electrolysis says that the quantity of substance deposited on an electrode is proportional to the charge passed through the solution.

$\text{m = Z}\times \text{Q}$

Where,

$\text{m}$ is the amount of substance liberated

$\text{Q}$ is the quantity of charge passed

$\text{Z}$ is the electrochemical equivalence of the substance

Ideal gas equation is an equation that is describing the state of a imaginary ideal gas.

${\text{PV}}_{}\text{=n RT}$

Where,

$\text{P}$ is the pressure of the gas

$\text{V}$ is the volume

$\text{n}$ is the number of moles of gas

$\text{R}$ is the universal gas constant $\text{(R=0}{\text{.0821LatmK}}^{\text{-1}}{\text{mol}}^{\text{-1}})$

$\text{T}$ is the temperature

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The half-cell reactions and overall reactions for the given electrolysis has to be found and the purpose of adding $\text{KF}$ to the reaction mixture also has to be explained.  The amount of fluorine gas produced at the end of electrolysis has to be calculated.

Concept Introduction:

The amount of electrical charge that is passing through a circuit depends upon the amount and time of the flow of current.  The electrical charge is measured in Coulomb.

$\text{Q=}\frac{\text{I}}{\text{t}}$

Where,

$\text{Q}$ is the charge in Coulomb

$\text{I}$ is the current in Ampere

$\text{t}$ is the time in second

Faradays First law of electrolysis says that the quantity of substance deposited on an electrode is proportional to the charge passed through the solution.

$\text{m = Z}\times \text{Q}$

Where,

$\text{m}$ is the amount of substance liberated

$\text{Q}$ is the quantity of charge passed

$\text{Z}$ is the electrochemical equivalence of the substance

Ideal gas equation is an equation that is describing the state of a imaginary ideal gas.

${\text{PV}}_{}\text{=n RT}$

Where,

$\text{P}$ is the pressure of the gas

$\text{V}$ is the volume

$\text{n}$ is the number of moles of gas

$\text{R}$ is the universal gas constant $\text{(R=0}{\text{.0821LatmK}}^{\text{-1}}{\text{mol}}^{\text{-1}})$

$\text{T}$ is the temperature

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The half-cell reactions and overall reactions for the given electrolysis has to be found and the purpose of adding $\text{KF}$ to the reaction mixture also has to be explained.  The amount of fluorine gas produced at the end of electrolysis has to be calculated.

Concept Introduction:

The amount of electrical charge that is passing through a circuit depends upon the amount and time of the flow of current.  The electrical charge is measured in Coulomb.

$\text{Q=}\frac{\text{I}}{\text{t}}$

Where,

$\text{Q}$ is the charge in Coulomb

$\text{I}$ is the current in Ampere

$\text{t}$ is the time in second

Faradays First law of electrolysis says that the quantity of substance deposited on an electrode is proportional to the charge passed through the solution.

$\text{m = Z}\times \text{Q}$

Where,

$\text{m}$ is the amount of substance liberated

$\text{Q}$ is the quantity of charge passed

$\text{Z}$ is the electrochemical equivalence of the substance

Ideal gas equation is an equation that is describing the state of a imaginary ideal gas.

${\text{PV}}_{}\text{=n RT}$

Where,

$\text{P}$ is the pressure of the gas

$\text{V}$ is the volume

$\text{n}$ is the number of moles of gas

$\text{R}$ is the universal gas constant $\text{(R=0}{\text{.0821LatmK}}^{\text{-1}}{\text{mol}}^{\text{-1}})$

$\text{T}$ is the temperature