Microeconomic Theory
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781337517942
Author: NICHOLSON
Publisher: Cengage
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Question
Chapter 18, Problem 18.8P
a)
To determine
The expected value of object to the buyer sees signal L and to the buyer who sees signal H.
b)
To determine
Negative profit on observing signal H.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Charles is participating in an experiment. His payoff in the experiment is tied to his effort e
doing a mundane task. There is also some risk involved by design-there is a chance p that
Charles is going to get a fixed payment L regardless of his effort. Charles' payoff is thus:
with probability p
w.e with probability 1- p
Charles has to pay a cost C, which increases with his effort.
First, let us assume that Charles' utility is the expected payoff net of this cost:
U(e) = pL + (1 – p)we – c(e)
Derive the first order condition with respect to e.
b. How doesp affect Charles' effort e?
c. How does L affect e?
Consider the St. Petersburg Paradox problem first discussed by Daniel Bernoulli in 1738. The game consists of tossing a coin. The player gets a payoff of 2^n where n is the number of times the coin is tossed to get the first head. So, if the sequence of tosses yields TTTH, you get a payoff of 2^4 this payoff occurs with probability (1/2^4). Compute the expected value of playing this game.
Next, assume that utility U is a function of wealth X given by U = X.5 and that X = $1,000,000. In this part of the question, assume that the game ends if the first head has not occurred after 40 tosses of the coin. In that case, the payoff is 240 and the game is over. What is the expected payout of this game?
Finally, what is the most you would pay to play the game if you require that your expected utility after playing the game must be equal to your utility before playing the game? Use the Goal Seek function (found in Data, What-If Analysis) in Excel.
Consider the following model about the auctions. We have two buyers each obtain a private signal about the value of good being auctioned. The signal can be either high (H) or low (L) with equal probability. If both obtain signal H, the good is worth 1; otherwise, it is worth 0.a. What is the expected value of the good1 to a buyer who sees signal L and to a buyer who sees signal H?b. Suppose buyers bid their expected value computed in part (a). Show that they earn negative profit conditional on observing signal H.
Chapter 18 Solutions
Microeconomic Theory
Knowledge Booster
Similar questions
- In the final round of a TV game show, contestantshave a chance to increase their current winnings of$1 million to $2 million. If they are wrong, theirprize is decreased to $500,000. A contestant thinkshis guess will be right 50% of the time. Should heplay? What is the lowest probability of a correctguess that would make playing profitable?arrow_forwardYou are one of five risk-neutral bidders participating in an independent private values auction. Each bidder perceives that bidders' valuations for the item are evenly distributed between $20,000 and $50,000. For each of the following auction t determine your optimal bidding strategy if you value the item at $35,000. a. First-price, sealed-bid auction. O Bid $20,00. O Bid $50,00. O Bid $35,00. O Bid $32,000 b. Dutch auction O Let the auctioneer continue to lower the price until it reaches $20,000, and then yell "Minel". O Let the auctioneer continue to lower the price until it reaches $35.000, and then yell "Mine!" O Let the auctioneer continue to lower the price until it reaches $32,000, and then yell "Mine!" O Let the auctioneer continue to lower the price until it reaches $50,000, and then yell "Mine!". C. ond-price, sealed-bid auction O Bid $50,00. O Bid $35.000 O Bid $32,00. b. Dutch auction. O Let the auctioneer continue to lower the price until it reaches $20,000, and then yell…arrow_forwardYou and a coworker are assigned a team project on which your likelihood or a promotion will be decidedon. It is now the night before the project is due and neither has yet to start it. You both want toreceive a promotion next year, but you both also want to go to your company’s holiday party that night.Each of you wants to maximize his or her own happiness (likelihood of a promotion and mingling withyour colleagues “on the company’s dime”). If you both work, you deliver an outstanding presentation.If you both go to the party, your presentation is mediocre. If one parties and the other works, yourpresentation is above average. Partying increases happiness by 25 units. Working on the project addszero units to happiness. Happiness is also affected by your chance of a promotion, which is depends on howgood your project is. An outstanding presentation gives 40 units of happiness to each of you; an aboveaverage presentation gives 30 units of happiness; a mediocre presentation gives 10 units…arrow_forward
- 1. A dealer decides to sell a rare book by means of an English auction with a reservation price of 54. There are two bidders. The dealer believes that there are only three possible values, 90, 54, and 45, that each bidder’s willingness to pay might take. Each bidder has a probability of 1/3 of having each of these willingnesses to pay, and the probabilities for each of the two bidders are independent of the other’s valuation. Assuming that the two bidders bid rationally and do not collude, the dealer’s expected revenue is approximately ______. 2. A seller knows that there are two bidders for the object he is selling. He believes that with probability 1/2, one has a buyer value of 5 and the other has a buyer value of 10 and with probability 1/2, one has a buyer value of 8 and the other has a buyer value of 15. He knows that bidders will want to buy the object so long as they can get it for their buyer value or less. He sells it in an English auction with a reserve price which he must…arrow_forwardIn a large casino, the house wins on its blackjack tables with a probability of 50.9%. All bets at blackjack are 1 to 1, which means that if you win, you gain the amount you bet, and if you lose, you lose the amount you bet. a. If you bet $1 on each hand, what is the expected value to you of a single game? What is the house edge? b. If you played 150 games of blackjack in an evening, betting $1 on each hand, how much should you expect to win or lose? c. If you played 150 games of blackjack in an evening, betting $3 on each hand, how much should you expect to win or lose? d. If patrons bet $7,000,000 on blackjack in one evening, how much should the casino expect to earn? a. The expected value to you of a single game is $ (Type an integer or a decimal.)arrow_forward23. Captain Kidd has a map that has a 20% probability of leading him to a treasure worth 400,000 guineas. Independent of the fact of having a map, Capitan Kidd already has his own income equal to 90,000 guineas. Another pirate wants to buy the map from the Capitan Kidd (after selling the map Capitan Kidd has no chance to find a treasure). What is the minimum price for a map which the Captain Kidd will accept if Capitan Kidd has von Neuman- Morgenstern utility function is U(w) = w0.5, where w is his income level? a) 54,400 b) 32,500 c) 45,000 d) 90,000 e) There is no correct answerarrow_forward
- A Bank has foreclosed on a home mortgage and is selling the house at auction. There are two bidders for the house, Zeke and Heidi. The bank does not know the willingness to pay of these three bidders for the house, but on the basis of its previous experience, the bank believes that each of these bidders has a probability of 1/3 of valuing it at $800,000, a probability of 1/3 of valuing at $600,000, and a probability of 1/3 of valuing it at $300,000. The bank believes that these probabilities are independent among buyers. If the bank sells the house by means of a second- bidder, sealed-bid auction, what will be the bank’s expected revenue from the sale? The answer is 455, 556. Please show the steps in details thank you!arrow_forwardA risk-averse agent, Andy, has power utility of consumption with riskaversion coefficient γ = 0.5. While standing in line at the conveniencestore, Andy hears that the odds of winning the jackpot in a new statelottery game are 1 in 250. A lottery ticket costs $1. Assume his income isIt = $100. You can assume that there is only one jackpot prize awarded,and there is no chance it will be shared with another player. The lotterywill be drawn shortly after Andy buys the ticket, so you can ignore therole of discounting for time value. For simplicity, assume that ct+1 = 100even if Andy buys the ticket How large would the jackpot have to be in order for Andy to play thelottery? b) What is the fair (expected) value of the lottery with the jackpot youfound in (a)? What is the dollar amount of the risk premium that Andyrequires to play the lottery? Solve for the optimal number of lottery tickets that Andy would buyif the jackpot value were $10,000 (the ticket price, the odds of winning,and Andy’s…arrow_forward4. An auctioneer holds a second-price auction for two bidders, Ann (A) and Bonnie (B), who have independent private values of the good 0, and 0g If a bidder wins, her payoff is her value 0 minus the price she pays, and if she loses, her payoff is 0. The values are independently and identically distributed, but otherwise you don't need to know the specific distributions to solve the problem. Ann and Bonnie's respective strategies are to bid some value b0), that is, bid given their privately-known value (type). e. Suppose the good had one true value for both bidders equal to the average of 0, and e, (signals that are still i.i.d.); hence, the good's true value has a common component. Suppose Ann knows Bonnie is going to bid her own evaluation 0, no matter what, but like normal, Ann doesn't know 0g. Explain why bidding 0, is now a strictly dominated strategy for Ann.arrow_forward
- Eunice, the industry analyst of H&M, wants to determine the propensity of Major Clothingcompanies toward risk. She was able to determine the utility distribution of H&M, Uniqloand Dickies. For H&M, If the expected payoff of a venture is a loss of 125,000, the utilityvalue is 0.00, if a loss of 75,000, the utility value is .2, if breakeven, the utility value is .5,if gain of 75,000 .8 and if gain of 125,000 utility value is 1. For Uniqlo, if loss of 125,000utility value is 0, if loss of 75,000 utility value is .1, breakeven is .4, if a gain of 75,000,utility value is .7 and if gain of 125,000 utility value is 1. For Dickies, if loss of 125,000,utility value is 0, if loss of 75,000, utility value is .3 breakeven is .6, if gain of 75,000, utilityvalue is .9 and gain of 125,000, utility value is 1. What is the propensity to risk of the threeinternet companies? Explain your graph.arrow_forwardPLEASE CHECK THIS HOW TO SOLVE PLEASE TEACH EXPLAIN STEP BY STEP how to take derivititive v'arrow_forwardThe manager of XYZ Company is introducing a new product that will yield N$1000 in profits if the economy does not go into a recession. However, if a recession occurs, demand for normal good will fall so sharply that the company will lose N$4000. If economists project that there is a 10 percent chance the economy will go into a recession, what are the expected profits to XYZ Company of introducing the new product? How risky is the introduction of the new product?arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Managerial Economics: A Problem Solving ApproachEconomicsISBN:9781337106665Author:Luke M. Froeb, Brian T. McCann, Michael R. Ward, Mike ShorPublisher:Cengage Learning
Managerial Economics: A Problem Solving Approach
Economics
ISBN:9781337106665
Author:Luke M. Froeb, Brian T. McCann, Michael R. Ward, Mike Shor
Publisher:Cengage Learning