(a) Interpretation: The mechanism for the formation of vinylic bromide with inversion of configuration by the reaction of vinylic boronic acid with Br 2 and NaOH is to be stated. Concept introduction: Electrophilic addition reaction is the substitution of an electrophile at the electron-rich center. The π- bonds of an alkene make it electron rich which attracts an electron deficient electrophile towards itself and a substitution reaction takes place. Addition of halogens into alkenes is stereoselective, that is, it depends upon the type of the alkene present. If the alkene is a cis-alkene, anti-addition of halide ions take place and a racemic mixture is formed. If the alkene is a trans-alkene, syn-addition of halide ions occur and a meso compound is formed.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 18.89AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The mechanism for the formation of vinylic bromide with inversion of configuration by the reaction of vinylic boronic acid with Br2 and NaOH is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Electrophilic addition reaction is the substitution of an electrophile at the electron-rich center. The π- bonds of an alkene make it electron rich which attracts an electron deficient electrophile towards itself and a substitution reaction takes place.

Addition of halogens into alkenes is stereoselective, that is, it depends upon the type of the alkene present. If the alkene is a cis-alkene, anti-addition of halide ions take place and a racemic mixture is formed. If the alkene is a trans-alkene, syn-addition of halide ions occur and a meso compound is formed.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The mechanism for the formation of vinylic iodide with retention of configuration by the reaction of vinylic boronic acid with I2 and NaOH is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Electrophilic addition reaction is the substitution of an electrophile at the electron-rich center. The π- bonds of an alkene make it electron-rich which attracts an electron-deficient electrophile towards itself and a substitution reaction takes place.

Addition of halogens into alkenes is stereoselective, that is, it depends upon the type of the alkene present. If the alkene is a cis-alkene, electron-rich of halide ions takes place and a racemic mixture is formed. If the alkene is a trans-alkene, syn-addition of halide ions occur and a meso compound is formed.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 18.89AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The mechanism for the formation of vinylic bromide with inversion of configuration by the reaction of vinylic boronic acid with Br2 and NaOH is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Electrophilic addition reaction is the substitution of an electrophile at the electron-rich center. The π- bonds of an alkene make it electron rich which attracts an electron deficient electrophile towards itself and a substitution reaction takes place.

Addition of halogens into alkenes is stereoselective, that is, it depends upon the type of the alkene present. If the alkene is a cis-alkene, anti-addition of halide ions take place and a racemic mixture is formed. If the alkene is a trans-alkene, syn-addition of halide ions occur and a meso compound is formed.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The mechanism for the formation of vinylic iodide with retention of configuration by the reaction of vinylic boronic acid with I2 and NaOH is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Electrophilic addition reaction is the substitution of an electrophile at the electron-rich center. The π- bonds of an alkene make it electron-rich which attracts an electron-deficient electrophile towards itself and a substitution reaction takes place.

Addition of halogens into alkenes is stereoselective, that is, it depends upon the type of the alkene present. If the alkene is a cis-alkene, electron-rich of halide ions takes place and a racemic mixture is formed. If the alkene is a trans-alkene, syn-addition of halide ions occur and a meso compound is formed.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 18.89AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The mechanism for the formation of vinylic bromide with inversion of configuration by the reaction of vinylic boronic acid with Br2 and NaOH is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Electrophilic addition reaction is the substitution of an electrophile at the electron-rich center. The π- bonds of an alkene make it electron rich which attracts an electron deficient electrophile towards itself and a substitution reaction takes place.

Addition of halogens into alkenes is stereoselective, that is, it depends upon the type of the alkene present. If the alkene is a cis-alkene, anti-addition of halide ions take place and a racemic mixture is formed. If the alkene is a trans-alkene, syn-addition of halide ions occur and a meso compound is formed.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The mechanism for the formation of vinylic iodide with retention of configuration by the reaction of vinylic boronic acid with I2 and NaOH is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Electrophilic addition reaction is the substitution of an electrophile at the electron-rich center. The π- bonds of an alkene make it electron-rich which attracts an electron-deficient electrophile towards itself and a substitution reaction takes place.

Addition of halogens into alkenes is stereoselective, that is, it depends upon the type of the alkene present. If the alkene is a cis-alkene, electron-rich of halide ions takes place and a racemic mixture is formed. If the alkene is a trans-alkene, syn-addition of halide ions occur and a meso compound is formed.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 18.89AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The mechanism for the formation of vinylic bromide with inversion of configuration by the reaction of vinylic boronic acid with Br2 and NaOH is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Electrophilic addition reaction is the substitution of an electrophile at the electron-rich center. The π- bonds of an alkene make it electron rich which attracts an electron deficient electrophile towards itself and a substitution reaction takes place.

Addition of halogens into alkenes is stereoselective, that is, it depends upon the type of the alkene present. If the alkene is a cis-alkene, anti-addition of halide ions take place and a racemic mixture is formed. If the alkene is a trans-alkene, syn-addition of halide ions occur and a meso compound is formed.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The mechanism for the formation of vinylic iodide with retention of configuration by the reaction of vinylic boronic acid with I2 and NaOH is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Electrophilic addition reaction is the substitution of an electrophile at the electron-rich center. The π- bonds of an alkene make it electron-rich which attracts an electron-deficient electrophile towards itself and a substitution reaction takes place.

Addition of halogens into alkenes is stereoselective, that is, it depends upon the type of the alkene present. If the alkene is a cis-alkene, electron-rich of halide ions takes place and a racemic mixture is formed. If the alkene is a trans-alkene, syn-addition of halide ions occur and a meso compound is formed.

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Answer 5

Chapter 18, Problem 18.89AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The mechanism for the formation of vinylic bromide with inversion of configuration by the reaction of vinylic boronic acid with Br2 and NaOH is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Electrophilic addition reaction is the substitution of an electrophile at the electron-rich center. The π- bonds of an alkene make it electron rich which attracts an electron deficient electrophile towards itself and a substitution reaction takes place.

Addition of halogens into alkenes is stereoselective, that is, it depends upon the type of the alkene present. If the alkene is a cis-alkene, anti-addition of halide ions take place and a racemic mixture is formed. If the alkene is a trans-alkene, syn-addition of halide ions occur and a meso compound is formed.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The mechanism for the formation of vinylic iodide with retention of configuration by the reaction of vinylic boronic acid with I2 and NaOH is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Electrophilic addition reaction is the substitution of an electrophile at the electron-rich center. The π- bonds of an alkene make it electron-rich which attracts an electron-deficient electrophile towards itself and a substitution reaction takes place.

Addition of halogens into alkenes is stereoselective, that is, it depends upon the type of the alkene present. If the alkene is a cis-alkene, electron-rich of halide ions takes place and a racemic mixture is formed. If the alkene is a trans-alkene, syn-addition of halide ions occur and a meso compound is formed.

Answer 6

Chapter 18, Problem 18.89AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The mechanism for the formation of vinylic bromide with inversion of configuration by the reaction of vinylic boronic acid with Br2 and NaOH is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Electrophilic addition reaction is the substitution of an electrophile at the electron-rich center. The π- bonds of an alkene make it electron rich which attracts an electron deficient electrophile towards itself and a substitution reaction takes place.

Addition of halogens into alkenes is stereoselective, that is, it depends upon the type of the alkene present. If the alkene is a cis-alkene, anti-addition of halide ions take place and a racemic mixture is formed. If the alkene is a trans-alkene, syn-addition of halide ions occur and a meso compound is formed.

Answer 7

Chapter 18, Problem 18.89AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The mechanism for the formation of vinylic bromide with inversion of configuration by the reaction of vinylic boronic acid with Br2 and NaOH is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Electrophilic addition reaction is the substitution of an electrophile at the electron-rich center. The π- bonds of an alkene make it electron rich which attracts an electron deficient electrophile towards itself and a substitution reaction takes place.

Addition of halogens into alkenes is stereoselective, that is, it depends upon the type of the alkene present. If the alkene is a cis-alkene, anti-addition of halide ions take place and a racemic mixture is formed. If the alkene is a trans-alkene, syn-addition of halide ions occur and a meso compound is formed.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The mechanism for the formation of vinylic iodide with retention of configuration by the reaction of vinylic boronic acid with I2 and NaOH is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Electrophilic addition reaction is the substitution of an electrophile at the electron-rich center. The π- bonds of an alkene make it electron-rich which attracts an electron-deficient electrophile towards itself and a substitution reaction takes place.

Addition of halogens into alkenes is stereoselective, that is, it depends upon the type of the alkene present. If the alkene is a cis-alkene, electron-rich of halide ions takes place and a racemic mixture is formed. If the alkene is a trans-alkene, syn-addition of halide ions occur and a meso compound is formed.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The mechanism for the formation of vinylic iodide with retention of configuration by the reaction of vinylic boronic acid with I2 and NaOH is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Electrophilic addition reaction is the substitution of an electrophile at the electron-rich center. The π- bonds of an alkene make it electron-rich which attracts an electron-deficient electrophile towards itself and a substitution reaction takes place.

Addition of halogens into alkenes is stereoselective, that is, it depends upon the type of the alkene present. If the alkene is a cis-alkene, electron-rich of halide ions takes place and a racemic mixture is formed. If the alkene is a trans-alkene, syn-addition of halide ions occur and a meso compound is formed.

Answer 10

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Answer 11

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Answer 12

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Answer 13

Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.1P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.2P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.3P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.4P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.5P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.6P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.7P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.8P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.9P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains the electrophilic addition reaction of vinylic boronic acid with - bonds of an alkene.

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Chapter 18 Solutions