Chapter 18, Problem 18.5P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Whether the statement.

The general name of an aliphatic carboxylic acid is alkanoic acid is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

Alkanoic acid is the IUPAC name of carboxylic acid.

1. First choose the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms having carboxyl group known as parent chain.
2. The numbering of parent chain should be done in a way that the carboxyl group and substituents get the lowest number.
3. The root name of the carbon chain is “oic” acid.
4. The appropriate name should be given to every alkyl group and denote its position on the parent chain with the number.
5. The alkyl groups are written in alphabetical order.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Whether the statement.

A molecule containing two COOH groups is called a dicarboxylic acid is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

Carboxylic acids containing two COOH groups are known as dicarboxylic acid.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether the statement.

Ethanedioic (oxalic acid) acid is the simplest dicarboxylic acid is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

Oxalic acid contains total two carbon atoms. It’s IUPAC name is ethanedioic acid, here dioic represents the two carboxyl groups.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Whether the statement.

3-Methylbutanoic acid is chiral is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

Chiral molecules are those in which there are four different groups attached tetrahedrally.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

Whether the statement.

The simplest carboxylic acid is methanoic acid (common name: formic acid), HCOOH is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

Formic acid is a carboxylic acid with one carbon.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

Whether the statement.

Benzoic acid is an aromatic carboxylic acid is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

Aromatic carboxylic acid must follow Huckel’s rule of aromaticity.

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

Whether the statement.

Formic acid, which is the common name for HCO₂ H, is derived from the word Formica, which is the Latin name for ants is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

Formic acid is a carboxylic acid with one carbon.

Interpretation Introduction

(h)

Interpretation:

Whether the statement.

(S)-Lactic acid, CH₃ -CHOH-COOH, contains two functional groups: a 2⁰ alcohol and a carboxyl group are true or false.

Concept Introduction:

Lactic acid is 2-hydroxypropanoic acid.