Chapter 18, Problem 18.49P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The acid, base and conjugate acid-base pair for the given ${\text{NH}}_{\text{3}}^{}\text{+}{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{PO}}_{\text{4}}^{}\underset{}{\rightleftharpoons }{\text{NH}}_4^{+}\text{+}{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{PO}}_4^{-}{}_{}$ has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Conjugate acid-Base pairs:

The acid donates the proton to form its conjugate base and the base accepts a proton to form its conjugate acid.

When an acid is dissolved in water, the acid $\text{(HA)}$ donates a proton to water to form a new acid (conjugate acid) and a new base (conjugate base).

The pair of an Acid –Base differs by a proton called conjugated Acid-Base pair.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The acid, base and conjugate acid-base pair for the given ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}^{}{\text{O}}^{\text{-}}\text{+}{\text{NH}}_{\text{3}}\underset{}{\rightleftharpoons }{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}^{}\text{OH}\text{+}{\text{NH}}_{\text{2}}^{\text{-}}$ has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Conjugate acid-Base pairs:

The acid donates the proton to form its conjugate base and the base accepts a proton to form its conjugate acid.

When an acid is dissolved in water, the acid $\text{(HA)}$ donates a proton to water to form a new acid (conjugate acid) and a new base (conjugate base).

The pair of an Acid –Base differs by a proton called conjugated Acid-Base pair.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The acid, base and conjugate acid-base pair for the given ${\text{HPO}}_{\text{4}}^{\text{2-}}\text{+}{\text{HSO}}_4^{-}\underset{}{\rightleftharpoons }{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{PO}}_4^{-}\text{+}{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}^{\text{2-}}$ has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Conjugate acid-Base pairs:

The acid donates the proton to form its conjugate base and the base accepts a proton to form its conjugate acid.

When an acid is dissolved in water, the acid $\text{(HA)}$ donates a proton to water to form a new acid (conjugate acid) and a new base (conjugate base).

The pair of an Acid –Base differs by a proton called conjugated Acid-Base pair.