Chapter 18, Problem 18.21P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The change in $\text{pH}$ has to be given when ${\text{[OH}}^{\text{-}}\text{]}$ increases by a factor of $\text{10}$.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The change in ${\text{[H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}^{\text{+}}\text{]}$ has to be given when the $\text{pH}$ decreases by $\text{3}\text{units}$.