Concept explainers
The zinc-air battery shows much promise for electric cars because it is lightweight and rechargeable:
The net transformation is
(a)

Interpretation:
The
Concept Introduction:
Free energy (Gibbs free energy) is the term that is used to explain the total energy content in a thermodynamic system that can be converted into work. The free energy is represented by the letter
Where, n is the number of moles
The relation between Gibbs free energy and cell potential: The amount of energy in a system that can be converted into useful energy is defined as free energy in thermodynamics.
Free energy and the cell potential is related by the given equation.
Where,
Nernst equation is one of the important equations in electrochemistry. In Nernst equation the electrode potential of a cell reaction is related to the standard electrode potential, concentration or activities of the species that is involved in the chemical reaction and temperature.
Where,
At room temperature
Ideal gas equation is an equation that is describing the state of a imaginary ideal gas.
Where,
Answer to Problem 18.124QP
The half cell reactions of the given cell,
The standard
Explanation of Solution
To record the given data
To write the half cell reactions and overall reaction
The half cell reactions are,
Overall reaction,
To find the
The of
To find the
Using the value of free energy and the number of electrons transferred the
On rearranging the equation we get,
(b)

Interpretation:
The
Concept Introduction:
Free energy (Gibbs free energy) is the term that is used to explain the total energy content in a thermodynamic system that can be converted into work. The free energy is represented by the letter
Where, n is the number of moles
The relation between Gibbs free energy and cell potential: The amount of energy in a system that can be converted into useful energy is defined as free energy in thermodynamics.
Free energy and the cell potential is related by the given equation.
Where,
Nernst equation is one of the important equations in electrochemistry. In Nernst equation the electrode potential of a cell reaction is related to the standard electrode potential, concentration or activities of the species that is involved in the chemical reaction and temperature.
Where,
At room temperature
Ideal gas equation is an equation that is describing the state of a imaginary ideal gas.
Where,
Answer to Problem 18.124QP
The
Explanation of Solution
To record the given data
Partial pressure of oxygen
To calculate the
The
(c)

Interpretation:
The
Concept Introduction:
Free energy (Gibbs free energy) is the term that is used to explain the total energy content in a thermodynamic system that can be converted into work. The free energy is represented by the letter
Where, n is the number of moles
The relation between Gibbs free energy and cell potential: The amount of energy in a system that can be converted into useful energy is defined as free energy in thermodynamics.
Free energy and the cell potential is related by the given equation.
Where,
Nernst equation is one of the important equations in electrochemistry. In Nernst equation the electrode potential of a cell reaction is related to the standard electrode potential, concentration or activities of the species that is involved in the chemical reaction and temperature.
Where,
At room temperature
Ideal gas equation is an equation that is describing the state of a imaginary ideal gas.
Where,
Answer to Problem 18.124QP
The energy density of the zinc electrode is found to be
Explanation of Solution
To record the given data
Amount of zinc
Molecular weight of zinc
To calculate the number of moles of zinc
Number of moles of zinc in
To calculate the energy density of zinc electrode
Free energy is the maximum amount of energy in the system that can be converted into useful work. Energy density can be obtained by multiplying the free energy value with the number of moles of zinc.
(d)

Interpretation:
The
Concept Introduction:
Free energy (Gibbs free energy) is the term that is used to explain the total energy content in a thermodynamic system that can be converted into work. The free energy is represented by the letter
Where, n is the number of moles
The relation between Gibbs free energy and cell potential: The amount of energy in a system that can be converted into useful energy is defined as free energy in thermodynamics.
Free energy and the cell potential is related by the given equation.
Where,
Nernst equation is one of the important equations in electrochemistry. In Nernst equation the electrode potential of a cell reaction is related to the standard electrode potential, concentration or activities of the species that is involved in the chemical reaction and temperature.
Where,
At room temperature
Ideal gas equation is an equation that is describing the state of a imaginary ideal gas.
Where,
Answer to Problem 18.124QP
The amount of air supplied to the battery in each second is found to be
Explanation of Solution
To record the given data
Amount of current derived from the cell
To calculate the number of moles of electrons required for producing given amount of charge
Charge produced and the numbers of moles of electrons transferred are related by the following equation.
The number of moles of electrons transferred,
To calculate the number of moles of oxygen gas reduced by
From the equation for the cell reaction we have seen that
To calculate the volume of oxygen when the partial pressure is
The volume of oxygen at
To calculate the volume of air required at each second.
The volume of air required at each second is found as given below.
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Chapter 18 Solutions
CHEMISTRY 1111 LAB MANUAL >C<
- 6.arrow_forward0/5 alekscgi/x/sl.exe/1o_u-IgNglkr7j8P3jH-IQs_pBaHhvlTCeeBZbufuBYTi0Hz7m7D3ZcSLEFovsXaorzoFtUs | AbtAURtkqzol 1HRAS286, O States of Matter Sketching a described thermodynamic change on a phase diagram The pressure on a sample of pure X held at 47. °C and 0.88 atm is increased until the sample condenses. The pressure is then held constant and the temperature is decreased by 82. °C. On the phase diagram below draw a path that shows this set of changes. 3 pressure (atm) + 0- 0 5+ 200 temperature (K) 400 Explanation Check X 0+ F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 S 2025 McGraw Hill LLC All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use Privacy Center Accessibility Q Search LUCR + F8 F9 F10 F11 F12 * % & ( 5 6 7 8 9 Y'S Dele Insert PrtSc + Backsarrow_forward5.arrow_forward
- 9arrow_forwardalekscgi/x/lsl.exe/1o_u-IgNslkr7j8P3jH-IQs_pBanHhvlTCeeBZbufu BYTI0Hz7m7D3ZS18w-nDB10538ZsAtmorZoFusYj2Xu9b78gZo- O States of Matter Sketching a described thermodynamic change on a phase diagram 0/5 The pressure on a sample of pure X held at 47. °C and 0.88 atm is increased until the sample condenses. The pressure is then held constant and the temperature is decreased by 82. °C. On the phase diagram below draw a path that shows this set of changes. pressure (atm) 3- 200 temperature (K) Explanation Chick Q Sowncharrow_forward0+ aleksog/x/lsl.exe/1ou-lgNgkr7j8P3H-IQs pBaHhviTCeeBZbufuBYTOHz7m7D3ZStEPTBSB3u9bsp3Da pl19qomOXLhvWbH9wmXW5zm O States of Matter Sketching a described thermodynamic change on a phase diagram 0/5 Gab The temperature on a sample of pure X held at 0.75 atm and -229. °C is increased until the sample sublimes. The temperature is then held constant and the pressure is decreased by 0.50 atm. On the phase diagram below draw a path that shows this set of changes. F3 pressure (atm) 0- 0 200 Explanation temperature (K) Check F4 F5 ☀+ Q Search Chill Will an 9 ENG F6 F7 F8 F9 8 Delete F10 F11 F12 Insert PrtSc 114 d Ararrow_forward
- x + LEKS: Using a phase diagram a X n/alekscgi/x/lsl.exe/10_u-IgNsikr7j8P3jH-IQs_pBan HhvlTCeeBZbufu BYTI0Hz7m7D3ZcHYUt80XL-5alyVpw ○ States of Matter Using a phase diagram to find a phase transition temperature or pressure Use the phase diagram of Substance X below to find the melting point of X when the pressure above the solid is 1.1 atm. pressure (atm) 16 08- solid liquid- 0 200 400 gas 600 temperature (K) Note: your answer must be within 25 °C of the exact answer to be graded correct. × 5arrow_forwardS: Using a phase diagram leksogi/x/sl.exe/1ou-IgNs kr 7j8P3jH-IQs_pBan HhvTCeeBZbufuBYTI0Hz7m7D3ZdHYU+80XL-5alyVp O States of Matter Using a phase diagram to find a phase transition temperature or pressure se the phase diagram of Substance X below to find the boiling point of X when the pressure on the liquid is 1.6 atm. pressure (atm) 32- 16- solid liquid 0. gas 100 200 temperature (K) 300 Note: your answer must be within 12.5 °C of the exact answer to be graded correct. 10 Explanation Check § Q Search J 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Researrow_forward151.2 254.8 85.9 199.6 241.4 87.6 242.5 186.4 155.8 257.1 242.9 253.3 256.0 216.6 108.7 239.0 149.7 236.4 152.1 222.7 148.7 278.2 268.7 234.4 262.7 283.2 143.6 QUESTION: Using this group of data on salt reduced tomato sauce concentration readings answer the following questions: 1. 95% Cl Confidence Interval (mmol/L) 2. [Na+] (mg/100 mL) 3. 95% Na+ Confidence Interval (mg/100 mL)arrow_forward
- Results Search Results Best Free Coursehero Unloc xb Success Confirmation of Q x O Google Pas alekscgi/x/lsl.exe/1o_u-IgNslkr 7j8P3jH-IQs_pBanHhvlTCeeBZbufu BYTI0Hz7m7D3ZcHYUt80XL-5alyVpwDXM TEZayFYCavJ17dZtpxbFD0Qggd1J O States of Matter Using a phase diagram to find a phase transition temperature or pressure Gabr 3/5 he pressure above a pure sample of solid Substance X at 101. °C is lowered. At what pressure will the sample sublime? Use the phase diagram of X below to nd your answer. pressure (atm) 24- 12 solid liquid gas 200 400 temperature (K) 600 ote: your answer must be within 0.15 atm of the exact answer to be graded correct. atm Thanation Check © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Center I Q Search L³ ملةarrow_forward301.7 348.9 193.7 308.6 339.5 160.6 337.7 464.7 223.5 370.5 326.6 327.5 336.1 317.9 203.8 329.8 221.9 331.7 211.7 309.6 223.4 353.7 334.6 305.6 340.0 304.3 244.7 QUESTION: Using this group of data on regular tomato sauce concentration readings answer the following questions: 1. 95% Cl Confidence Interval (mmol/L) 2. [Na+] (mg/100 mL) 3. 95% Na+ Confidence Interval (mg/100 mL)arrow_forwardSearch Results Search Results Best Free Coursehero Unlo x b Success Confirmation of Q aleks.com/alekscgi/x/sl.exe/10_u-lgNslkr7j8P3jH-IQs_pBan HhvlTCeeBZbufu BYTIOHz7m7D3ZcHYUt80XL-5alyVpwDXM TEZayFYCav States of Matter Using a phase diagram to find a phase transition temperature or pressure Use the phase diagram of Substance X below to find the temperature at which X turns to a gas, if the pressure above the solid is 3.7 atm. pressure (atm) 0. 32- 16 solid liquid gas 200 temperature (K) Note: your answer must be within 20 °C of the exact answer to be graded correct. Дос Xarrow_forward
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