Chemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04)
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168390
Author: Klaus Theopold, Richard H Langley, Paul Flowers, William R. Robinson, Mark Blaser
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 18, Problem 108E
Explain why, at room temperature, fluorine and chlorine are gases, bromine is a liquid, and iodine is a solid.
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Students have asked these similar questions
What are the IUPAC Names of all the compounds in the picture?
1) a) Give the dominant Intermolecular Force (IMF) in a sample of each of the following
compounds. Please show your work. (8) SF2, CH,OH, C₂H₂
b) Based on your answers given above, list the compounds in order of their Boiling Point
from low to high. (8)
19.78 Write the products of the following sequences of reactions. Refer to your reaction road-
maps to see how the combined reactions allow you to "navigate" between the different
functional groups. Note that you will need your old Chapters 6-11 and Chapters 15-18
roadmaps along with your new Chapter 19 roadmap for these.
(a)
1. BHS
2. H₂O₂
3. H₂CrO4
4. SOCI₂
(b)
1. Cl₂/hv
2. KOLBU
3. H₂O, catalytic H₂SO4
4. H₂CrO4
Reaction
Roadmap
An alkene 5. EtOH
6.0.5 Equiv. NaOEt/EtOH
7. Mild H₂O
An alkane
1.0
2. (CH3)₂S
3. H₂CrO
(d)
(c)
4. Excess EtOH, catalytic H₂SO
OH
4. Mild H₂O*
5.0.5 Equiv. NaOEt/EtOH
An alkene 6. Mild H₂O*
A carboxylic
acid
7. Mild H₂O*
1. SOC₁₂
2. EtOH
3.0.5 Equiv. NaOEt/E:OH
5.1.0 Equiv. NaOEt
6.
NH₂
(e)
1. 0.5 Equiv. NaOEt/EtOH
2. Mild H₂O*
Br
(f)
i
H
An aldehyde
1. Catalytic NaOE/EtOH
2. H₂O*, heat
3. (CH,CH₂)₂Culi
4. Mild H₂O*
5.1.0 Equiv. LDA
Br
An ester
4. NaOH, H₂O
5. Mild H₂O*
6. Heat
7.
MgBr
8. Mild H₂O*
7. Mild H₂O+
Chapter 18 Solutions
Chemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04)
Ch. 18 - How do alkali metals differ from alkaline each...Ch. 18 - Why does the reactivity of the alkali metals...Ch. 18 - Predict the formulas for the nine compounds that...Ch. 18 - Predict the best choice in each of the following....Ch. 18 - Sodium chloride and strontium chloride are both...Ch. 18 - The reaction of quicklime, CaO, with water...Ch. 18 - Write a balanced equation for the reaction of...Ch. 18 - How many moles of ionic species are present in 1.0...Ch. 18 - What is the mass of fish, in kilograms, that one...Ch. 18 - The elements sodium, aluminum, and chlorine are in...
Ch. 18 - Does metallic tin react with HCl?Ch. 18 - What is tin pest, also Known as tin disease?Ch. 18 - Compare the nature of the bonds in PbCl2 to that...Ch. 18 - Is the reaction of rubidium with water more or...Ch. 18 - Write an equation for the reduction of cesium...Ch. 18 - Why is it necessary to keep the chlorine and...Ch. 18 - Give balanced equations for the overall reaction...Ch. 18 - The electrolysis of molten sodium chloride or of...Ch. 18 - What mass, in grams, of hydrogen gas forms during...Ch. 18 - How many grams of oxygen gas are necessary to...Ch. 18 - Magnesium is an active metal; it bums in the form...Ch. 18 - Why is it possible for an active metal like...Ch. 18 - Describe the production of metallic aluminum by...Ch. 18 - What is the common are of tin and how is tin...Ch. 18 - A chemist dissolves a 1.497-g sample of a type of...Ch. 18 - Consider the production of 100 kg of sodium metal...Ch. 18 - What mass of magnesium forms when 100,000 A is...Ch. 18 - Give the hybridization of the metalloid and the...Ch. 18 - Write a Lewis structure for each of the following...Ch. 18 - Describe the hybridization of boron and the...Ch. 18 - Using only the periodic table, write the complete...Ch. 18 - Write a Lewis structure for each of the following...Ch. 18 - Describe the hybridization of silicon and the...Ch. 18 - Describe the hybridization and the bonding of a...Ch. 18 - Classify each of the following molecules as polar...Ch. 18 - Silicon reacts with sulfur at elevated...Ch. 18 - Name each of the fallowing compounds: (a) TeO2 (b)...Ch. 18 - Write a balanced equation for the reaction of...Ch. 18 - Why is boron limited to a maximum coordination...Ch. 18 - Write a formula for each of the following...Ch. 18 - From the data given in Appendix I, determine the...Ch. 18 - A hydride of silicon prepared by the reaction of...Ch. 18 - Suppose you discovered a diamond completely...Ch. 18 - Carbon forms a number of allotropes, two of which...Ch. 18 - Nitrogen in the atmosphere exists as very stable...Ch. 18 - Write balanced chemical equations for the reaction...Ch. 18 - Determine the oxidation number of each element in...Ch. 18 - Determine the oxidation state of sulfur in each of...Ch. 18 - Arrange the following in order of increasing...Ch. 18 - Why does white phosphorus consist of tetrahedral...Ch. 18 - Why does hydrogen- not exhibit an oxidation state...Ch. 18 - The reaction of calcium hydride, CaH2, with water...Ch. 18 - In drawing Lewis structures, we learn that a...Ch. 18 - What mass of CaH2 is necessary to react with water...Ch. 18 - What mass of hydrogen gas results from the...Ch. 18 - Carbon forms the CO32- ion, yet silicon does not...Ch. 18 - Complete and balance the following chemical...Ch. 18 - Heating a sample of Na2CO3xH2O weighing 4.640 g...Ch. 18 - Write the Lewis structures for each of the...Ch. 18 - For each of the following, indicate the...Ch. 18 - Explain how ammonia can function both as a...Ch. 18 - Determine the oxidation state of nitrogen in each...Ch. 18 - For each of the following draw the Lewis...Ch. 18 - How many grams of gaseous ammonia will the...Ch. 18 - Although PF5 and ASF5 are stable, nitrogen does...Ch. 18 - The equivalence point for the titration of a...Ch. 18 - Write the Lewis structure for each of the...Ch. 18 - Describe the molecular structure of each of the...Ch. 18 - Complete and balance each of the following...Ch. 18 - Describe the hybridization of phosphorus in each...Ch. 18 - What volume of 0.200 M NaOH is necessary to...Ch. 18 - How much POCl3 can form from 25.0 g of PCl5 and...Ch. 18 - How many tons of Ca3(PO4)2 are necessary to...Ch. 18 - Write equations showing the stepwise ionization of...Ch. 18 - Draw the Lewis structures and describe the...Ch. 18 - Why does phosphorous acid form only two series of...Ch. 18 - Assign an oxidation state to phosphorus in each of...Ch. 18 - Phosphoric acid, one of the acids used in some...Ch. 18 - Predict the product of burning francium in air.Ch. 18 - Using equations, describe the reaction of water...Ch. 18 - Write balanced chemical equations for the...Ch. 18 - Write balanced chemical equations for the...Ch. 18 - Illustrate the amphoteric nature of aluminum...Ch. 18 - Write balanced chemical equations for the...Ch. 18 - Write balanced chemical equations for the...Ch. 18 - What volume of 0.250 M H2SO4 solution is required...Ch. 18 - Which is the stronger acid, HClO4 or HBrO4? Why?Ch. 18 - Write a balanced chemical equation for the...Ch. 18 - Which is the stronger acid, H2SO4 or H2SeO4? Why?...Ch. 18 - Explain why hydrogen sulfide is a gas at room...Ch. 18 - Give the hybridization and oxidation state for...Ch. 18 - Which is the stronger acid, NaHSO3 or NaHSO4?Ch. 18 - Determine the oxidation state of sulfur in SF6,...Ch. 18 - Which is a stronger acid, sulfurous acid or...Ch. 18 - Oxygen forms double bonds in O2, but sulfur forms...Ch. 18 - Give the Lewis structure of each of the following:...Ch. 18 - Write two balanced chemical equations in which...Ch. 18 - Explain why sulfuric acid, H2SO4, which is a...Ch. 18 - How many grams of Epsom salts (MgSO47H2O) will...Ch. 18 - What does it mean to say that mercury (II) halides...Ch. 18 - Why is SnCl4 not classified as a salt?Ch. 18 - The following reactions are all similar to those...Ch. 18 - Which is the stronger acid, HClO3 or HBrO3? Why?Ch. 18 - What is the hybridization of iodine in IF3 and...Ch. 18 - Predict the molecular geometries and draw Lewis...Ch. 18 - Which halogen has the highest ionization energy?...Ch. 18 - Name each of the following compounds: (a) BrF3....Ch. 18 - Explain why, at room temperature, fluorine and...Ch. 18 - What is the oxidation state of the halogen in each...Ch. 18 - Physiological saline concentration—that is, the...Ch. 18 - Give the hybridization of xenon in each of the...Ch. 18 - What is the molecular structure of each of the...Ch. 18 - Indicate whether each of the following molecules...Ch. 18 - What is the oxidation state of the noble gas in...Ch. 18 - A mixture of xenon and ?uorine was heated. A...Ch. 18 - Basic solutions of Na4XeO6, are powerful oxidants....
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