Hormones are chemical messengers secreted by the endocrine glands or neurosecretory cells into the extracellular fluids. The secreted hormones reach the target cells through the bloodstream and they stimulate response of other tissues or cells. Hormones bind only to specific cells based on their corresponding receptors present on cells. Hormones act through chemical signals. They regulate growth, development, blood pressure, metabolism , fluid concentration, and homeostasis in the body. Both positive feedback and negative feedback mechanisms may regulate hormone pathways. Positive feedback amplifies the stimulus, whereas negative feedback dampens the stimulus and stops the pathway.

Question

Want to see the full answer?

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 17.3, Problem 16BYGO

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

Hormones are chemical messengers secreted by the endocrine glands or neurosecretory cells into the extracellular fluids. The secreted hormones reach the target cells through the bloodstream and they stimulate response of other tissues or cells. Hormones bind only to specific cells based on their corresponding receptors present on cells. Hormones act through chemical signals. They regulate growth, development, blood pressure, metabolism, fluid concentration, and homeostasis in the body. Both positive feedback and negative feedback mechanisms may regulate hormone pathways. Positive feedback amplifies the stimulus, whereas negative feedback dampens the stimulus and stops the pathway.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Students have asked these similar questions

1. In vivo testing provides valuable insight into a drug’s kinetics. Assessing drug kinetics following multiple different routes of administration provides greater insight than just a single route of administration alone. The following data was collected in 250 g rats following bolus iv, oral (po), and intraperitoneal (ip) administration.Using this data and set of graphs, determine: (a) k, C0, V, and AUC* for the bolus iv data (b) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the po data (c) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the ip data (d) relative bioavailability for po vs ip, Fpo/Fip (e) absolute po bioavailability, (f)Fpo absolute ip bioavailability, Fip MAKE SURE ANSWERS HAVE UNITS if appropriate. SHOW ALL WORK, including equation used, variables used and each step to your solution.

2. Drug quantification from plasma is commonly performed by using techniques such as HPLC or LC/MS. However, these methods do have limitations, and investigators may choose to use a radiolabeled analog of a drug instead. Radioligands are molecules that contain radioactive isotopes, commonly 3H or 14C. This technique allows investigators to quantify drug concentration from radiation measurements. The following measurements were made in 250 g rats following oral administration of 18.2 µCi of a 14C-labeled drug of interest: Time (min) Plasma Radiation Levels (µCi/L) 0 0.0 2 9.7 4 19.2 7 25.3 9 37.8 12 39.6 14 45.8 17 48.8 20 52.0 25 56.4 30 59.2 35 60.1 40 61.1 45 62.1 50 62.8 60 63.1 70 62.1 80 60.1 90 57.3 100 55.5 110 53.7 120 52.2 150 48.0 180 45.0 240 39.0 Note that a µCi is a measure of the amount of radioactivity and hence is a measure of the amount of drug present. Given that the oral bioavailability of this drug is known to be essentially 100%, estimate the following from this…

The current nutrition labelling regulation in Hong Kong requires food manufacturer to list E+7 information on the package of pre-packaged food products. Do you think that more nutrients, such as calcium and cholesterol, shall be included?