Concept explainers
Introduction:
Bacterial recombination is a type of genetic recombination in that bacterial DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is transferred from one bacterial cell (donor) to another bacterium (recipient) to generate genetic variability. This process takes place mainly in three ways, which are transformation, transduction, and conjugation.

Answer to Problem 1TYK
Correct answer:
The differences in the genes of bacteria can be studied by measuring the passage of genes between cells during conjugation, transduction, and transformation.
Explanation of Solution
Justification/explanation for the correct answer:
Option (e) states that the differences in genes of bacteria can be measured by the flow of genes between cells during conjugation, transduction, and transformation. The transfer of genetic information between individuals in recombination can be measured from the existence of recombinants produced from the genetic recombination. The time and order of the genes can be noted down that were transferred to the recombinants. Then, the genes can be mapped and assign in their particular positions. This can be done majorly in conjugation. Hence, option (e) is correct.
Explanation for the incorrect answer:
Option (a) states that the bacteria cannot be grown on minimal media as the media lacks essential nutrients while studying the differences in bacterial genes. The differences in the genes of the bacteria can also be studied by growing bacteria on a minimal medium for screening recombinants or conjugants. The recombinants can be differentiated from the nonrecombinants by growing them on different media, which favors them. So, it is an incorrect option.
Option (b) states that the bacterial clone, which is a group of cells from different bacteria of varying genetic make-up can be used to study the differences in bacterial genes. The passage of genes between the cells can be studied through different recombination processes. The genes in recombinants can be studied using bacterial clone, which are genetically identical cells of the same bacteria. So, it is an incorrect option.
Option (c) states that the bacterial diploid is used because of their ability to grow on minimal medium, for studying the differences in genes. Bacteria becomes partial diploid (merozygote) when recombination takes place. These are then grown on minimal media for differentiating them from nonrecombinants and to study the differences in the genes of bacteria. So, it is an incorrect option.
Option (d) states that only one genetic trait can be studied in a single recombinant event. The recipient cell or the recombinant can be tested for the presence of multiple genetic traits (multiple donor alleles) in a single recombinant event. So, it is an incorrect option.
Hence, options (a), (b), (c), and (d) are incorrect.
Therefore, it can be concluded that the differences in the genes of bacteria can be studied by measuring the passage of genes between the cells during conjugation, transduction, and transformation with the help of horizontal gene transfer determinations.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 17 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science
- Molecular Biology Please help with question. Thank you in advance. Discuss, compare and contrast the structure of promoters inprokaryotes and eukaryotes.arrow_forwardMolecular Biology Please help with question. Thank you You are studying the expression of the lac operon. You have isolated mutants as described below. In the absence of glucose, explain/describe what would happen, for each mutant, to the expression of the lac operon when you add lactose AND what would happen when the bacteria has used up all of the lactose (if the mutant is able to use lactose).1. Mutations in the lac repressor gene that would prevent the binding of lactose2. Mutations in the lac repressor gene that would prevent release of lactose once lactose hadbound3. Normally the lac repressor gene is located next to (a few hundred base pairs) and upstreamfrom the lac operon. Mutations in the lac repressor gene that move the lac repressor gene 100,000base pairs downstream.4. Mutations in the lac operator that would prevent binding of lac repressorarrow_forwardYou have returned to college to become a phylogeneticist. One of the first things you wish to do is determine how mammals, birds, and reptiles are related. Like any good scientist, you need to consider all available data objectively and without a preconceived “correct” answer. In pursuit of that, you should produce a phylogenetic tree based only on morphological features that show birds and mammals are more closely related. You will then produce a totally different tree, also using morphological features, that shows birds and reptiles are more closely related. Do not forget to include all three groups in both your trees. Based solely off the trees you produce, which relationship would you consider the more likely and why? Once you have answered that question, provide a brief summary of the “modern” understanding of the relationship between these three groups.arrow_forward
- true or false, the reason geckos can walk on walls is hydrogen bonding between their foot pads and the moisture on the wall.arrow_forwardBiology laboratory problem Please help. thank you You have 20 ul of DNA solution and 6X DNA loading buffer solution. You have to mix your DNA solution and DNA loading buffer before load DNA in an agarose gel. The concentration of the DNA loading buffer must be 1X in the DNA and DNA-loading buffer mixture after you mix them. For that, I will add _____ ul of 6X loading buffer to the 20 ul DNA solution.arrow_forwardBiology lab problem To make 20 ul of 5 mM MgCl2 solution using 50 mM MgCl2 stock solution and distilled water, I will mix ________ ul of 50 mM MgCl2 solution and ________ ul of distilled water. Please help . Thank youarrow_forward
- Biology Please help. Thank you. Biology laboratory question You need 50 ml of 1% (w/v) agarose gel. Agarose is a powder. How would you make it? You can ignore the volume of agarose powder. Don't forget the unit.TBE buffer is used to make an agarose gel, not distilled water. I will add _______ of agarose powder into 50 ml of distilled water (final 50 ml).arrow_forwardAn urgent care center experienced the average patient admissions shown in the Table below during the weeks from the first week of December through the second week of April. Week Average Daily Admissions 1-Dec 11 2-Dec 14 3-Dec 17 4-Dec 15 1-Jan 12 2-Jan 11 3-Jan 9 4-Jan 9 1-Feb 12 2-Feb 8 3-Feb 13 4-Feb 11 1-Mar 15 2-Mar 17 3-Mar 14 4-Mar 19 5-Mar 13 1-Apr 17 2-Apr 13 Forecast admissions for the periods from the first week of December through the second week of April. Compare the forecast admissions to the actual admissions; What do you conclude?arrow_forwardAnalyze the effectiveness of the a drug treatment program based on the needs of 18-65 year olds who are in need of treatment by critically describing 4 things in the program is doing effectively and 4 things the program needs some improvement.arrow_forward
- I have the first half finished... just need the bottom half.arrow_forward13. Practice Calculations: 3 colonies were suspended in the following dilution series and then a viable plate count and microscope count was performed. Calculate IDF's, TDF's and then calculate the CFU/mL in each tube by both methods. Finally calculate the cells in 1 colony by both methods. Show all of your calculations in the space provided on the following pages. 3 colonies 56 cells 10 μL 10 μL 100 μL 500 με m OS A B D 5.0 mL 990 με 990 με 900 με 500 μL EN 2 100 με 100 μL 118 colonies 12 coloniesarrow_forwardDescribe and give a specific example of how successionary stage is related to species diversity?arrow_forward
- Concepts of BiologyBiologyISBN:9781938168116Author:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James WisePublisher:OpenStax CollegeBiology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305389892Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage LearningHuman Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...BiologyISBN:9781305251052Author:Michael CummingsPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Biology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology (Mi...BiologyISBN:9781305117396Author:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa StarrPublisher:Cengage LearningUnderstanding Nutrition (MindTap Course List)Health & NutritionISBN:9781337392693Author:Eleanor Noss Whitney, Sharon Rady RolfesPublisher:Cengage Learning





