Chapter 17, Problem 17.23P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The interhalogen ${\text{ClF}}_{\text{3}}$ synthesized by two­step fluorination of chlorine gas.

The given individual steps of fluorination has to be balanced and the overall equation of interhalogen formation has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Balancing the equation:

• There is a Law for conversion of mass in a chemical reaction i.e., the mass of total amount of the product should be equal to the total mass of the reactants.
• The concept of writing a balanced chemical reaction is depends on conversion of reactants into products.
• First write the reaction from the given information.
• Then count the number of atoms of each element in reactants as well as products.
• Finally obtained values could place it as coefficients of reactants as well as products.
• Loss of electron and loss of Hydrogen in a compound is oxidation - the compound is oxidized.  Gain of electron, gain of Oxygen in a compound is reduction - the compound is reduced.
• Oxidation reduction and reduction reaction occur simultaneously in same reaction.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The overall ${\text{Q}}_{\text{c}}$ of the interhalogen formation reaction is equal to the product of the ${\text{Q}}_{\text{c}}$’s of individual steps has to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Reaction Quotient:

Reaction quotient, ${\text{Q}}_{\text{c}}$ is the ratio between product of the product concentration to the product of the reactant concentration with each term raised to the power of its balancing coefficient.

Consider a general equation,

  $a\text{A +}b\text{A}\stackrel{}{\rightleftharpoons }c\text{C}+d\text{D}$

Where a, b, c and d are the stoichiometric coefficients.  The reaction quotient is,

  ${\text{Q}}_{\text{c}}\text{ = }\frac{{\text{[C]}}^{\text{c}}{\text{[D]}}^{\text{d}}}{{[\text{A]}}^{\text{a}}{\text{[B]}}^{\text{b}}}$

The concentration of solids and pure liquids do not change, so their concentration terms are not included in the reaction quotient expression.